هجرة الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم.The hijrah
محمد مرسى
1437/01/03 - 2015/10/16 01:20AM
لما اشتد الأذى من أهل مكة على المسلمين أمرهم الله تعالى أن يهاجروا ليقيموا دين الله تعالى في الأرض التي يقدرون على عبادته فيها .
فاختار الله تعالى المدينة النبويَّة داراً للهجرة ، وكان الرسول صلى الله عليه و سلم قد رأى في المنام أنه يهاجر إليها .
عن أبي موسى عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : رَأَيْتُ فِي الْمَنَامِ أَنِّي أُهَاجِرُ مِنْ مَكَّةَ إِلَى أَرْضٍ بِهَا نَخْلٌ فَذَهَبَ وَهَلِي [أي ظني] إِلَى أَنَّهَا الْيَمَامَةُ أَوْ هَجَرُ فَإِذَا هِيَ الْمَدِينَةُ يَثْرِبُ . . . الحديث .
رواه البخاري (3352) ومسلم (4217) .
وروى البخاري (3906) عن عائشة قالت : . . . قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ : إِنِّي أُرِيتُ دَارَ هِجْرَتِكُمْ ذَاتَ نَخْلٍ بَيْنَ لَابَتَيْنِ وَهُمَا الْحَرَّتَانِ ، فَهَاجَرَ مَنْ هَاجَرَ قِبَلَ الْمَدِينَةِ ، وَرَجَعَ عَامَّةُ مَنْ كَانَ هَاجَرَ بِأَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ .
قال الحافظ :
وَالْحَرَّة أَرْضٌ حِجَارَتُهَا سُودٌ , وَهَذِهِ الرُّؤْيَا غَيْر الرُّؤْيَا السَّابِقَة في حَدِيث أَبِي مُوسَى الَّتِي تَرَدَّدَ فِيهَا النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ , قَالَ اِبْن التِّين : كَأَنَّ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أُرِيَ دَار الْهِجْرَة بِصِفَةٍ تَجْمَع الْمَدِينَة وَغَيْرهَا , ثُمَّ أُرِيَ الصِّفَة الْمُخْتَصَّة بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَتَعَيَّنَتْ اهـ
وأما عن أول من هاجر من أصحاب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم :
فعن البراء رضي الله عنه قال : " أول من قدم علينا من أصحاب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم مصعب بن عمير وابن أم مكتوم فجعلا يقرئاننا القرآن ثم جاء عمار وبلال وسعد ثم جاء عمر بن الخطاب في عشرين ثم جاء النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فما رأيت أهل المدينة فرحوا بشيء فرحهم به حتى رأيت الولائد والصبيان يقولون هذا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قد جاء . . . " .
رواه البخاري ( 4560 ) .
وفي الحديث التالي مختصر لكثير من أحداث الهجرة النبوية :
عن عائشة قالت : . . . . فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ : إِنِّي أُرِيتُ دَارَ هِجْرَتِكُمْ ذَاتَ نَخْلٍ بَيْنَ لابَتَيْنِ وَهُمَا الْحَرَّتَانِ ، فَهَاجَرَ مَنْ هَاجَرَ قِبَلَ الْمَدِينَةِ ، وَرَجَعَ عَامَّةُ مَنْ كَانَ هَاجَرَ بِأَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ ، وَتَجَهَّزَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ قِبَلَ الْمَدِينَةِ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : عَلَى رِسْلِكَ ، فَإِنِّي أَرْجُو أَنْ يُؤْذَنَ لِي . فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : وَهَلْ تَرْجُو ذَلِكَ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ ؟ قَالَ : نَعَمْ . فَحَبَسَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ نَفْسَهُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِيَصْحَبَهُ ، وَعَلَفَ رَاحِلَتَيْنِ كَانَتَا عِنْدَهُ وَرَقَ السَّمُرِ -وَهُوَ الْخَبَطُ- أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ . . . ثم قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : فَبَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ يَوْمًا جُلُوسٌ فِي بَيْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فِي نَحْرِ الظَّهِيرَةِ قَالَ قَائِلٌ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ : هَذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُتَقَنِّعًا فِي سَاعَةٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَأْتِينَا فِيهَا . فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : فِدَاءٌ لَهُ أَبِي وَأُمِّي ، وَاللَّهِ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّاعَةِ إِلَّا أَمْرٌ . قَالَتْ : فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَاسْتَأْذَنَ فَأُذِنَ لَهُ ، فَدَخَلَ ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ : أَخْرِجْ مَنْ عِنْدَكَ . فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : إِنَّمَا هُمْ أَهْلُكَ ، بِأَبِي أَنْتَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ . قَالَ : فَإِنِّي قَدْ أُذِنَ لِي فِي الْخُرُوجِ . فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : الصَّحَابَةُ [أي : أريد المصاحبة] بِأَبِي أَنْتَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ . قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : نَعَمْ . قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : فَخُذْ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِحْدَى رَاحِلَتَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ . قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : بِالثَّمَنِ . قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : فَجَهَّزْنَاهُمَا أَحَثَّ الْجِهَازِ ، وَصَنَعْنَا لَهُمَا سُفْرَةً فِي جِرَابٍ ، فَقَطَعَتْ أَسْمَاءُ بِنْتُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قِطْعَةً مِنْ نِطَاقِهَا فَرَبَطَتْ بِهِ عَلَى فَمِ الْجِرَابِ ، فَبِذَلِكَ سُمِّيَتْ ذَاتَ النِّطَاقَيْنِ . قَالَتْ : ثُمَّ لَحِقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ بِغَارٍ فِي جَبَلِ ثَوْرٍ فَكَمَنَا فِيهِ ثَلَاثَ لَيَالٍ، يَبِيتُ عِنْدَهُمَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَهُوَ غُلَامٌ شَابٌّ ثَقِفٌ لَقِنٌ [أي : حاذق سريع الفهم] فَيُدْلِجُ مِنْ عِنْدِهِمَا بِسَحَرٍ [أي يخرج من عندهما آخر الليل] فَيُصْبِحُ مَعَ قُرَيْشٍ بِمَكَّةَ كَبَائِتٍ فَلَا يَسْمَعُ أَمْرًا يُكْتَادَانِ بِهِ إِلَّا وَعَاهُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهُمَا بِخَبَرِ ذَلِكَ حِينَ يَخْتَلِطُ الظَّلَامُ . وَيَرْعَى عَلَيْهِمَا عَامِرُ بْنُ فُهَيْرَةَ مَوْلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ مِنْحَةً مِنْ غَنَمٍ فَيُرِيحُهَا عَلَيْهِمَا حِينَ تَذْهَبُ سَاعَةٌ مِنْ الْعِشَاءِ ، فَيَبِيتَانِ فِي رِسْلٍ وَهُوَ لَبَنُ مِنْحَتِهِمَا وَرَضِيفِهِمَا حَتَّى يَنْعِقَ بِهَا عَامِرُ بْنُ فُهَيْرَةَ بِغَلَسٍ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ فِي كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ تِلْكَ اللَّيَالِي الثَّلَاثِ . وَاسْتَأْجَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي الدِّيلِ وَهُوَ مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ هَادِيَا خِرِّيتًا وَالْخِرِّيتُ الْمَاهِرُ بِالْهِدَايَةِ . . . وَهُوَ عَلَى دِينِ كُفَّارِ قُرَيْشٍ فَأَمِنَاهُ فَدَفَعَا إِلَيْهِ رَاحِلَتَيْهِمَا وَوَاعَدَاهُ غَارَ ثَوْرٍ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثِ لَيَالٍ بِرَاحِلَتَيْهِمَا صُبْحَ ثَلَاثٍ وَانْطَلَقَ مَعَهُمَا عَامِرُ بْنُ فُهَيْرَةَ وَالدَّلِيلُ فَأَخَذَ بِهِمْ طَرِيقَ السَّوَاحِلِ . قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ وَأَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَالِكٍ الْمُدْلِجِيُّ وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَخِي سُرَاقَةَ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ جُعْشُمٍ أَنَّ أَبَاهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ سُرَاقَةَ بْنَ جُعْشُمٍ يَقُولُ : جَاءَنَا رُسُلُ كُفَّارِ قُرَيْشٍ يَجْعَلُونَ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ دِيَةَ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا ، مَنْ قَتَلَهُ أَوْ أَسَرَهُ فَبَيْنَمَا أَنَا جَالِسٌ فِي مَجْلِسٍ مِنْ مَجَالِسِ قَوْمِي بَنِي مُدْلِجٍ أَقْبَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ حَتَّى قَامَ عَلَيْنَا وَنَحْنُ جُلُوسٌ فَقَالَ : يَا سُرَاقَةُ ، إِنِّي قَدْ رَأَيْتُ آنِفًا أَسْوِدَةً بِالسَّاحِلِ أُرَاهَا مُحَمَّدًا وَأَصْحَابَهُ . قَالَ سُرَاقَةُ : فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُمْ هُمْ ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ : إِنَّهُمْ لَيْسُوا بِهِمْ ، وَلَكِنَّكَ رَأَيْتَ فُلَانًا وَفُلَانًا ، انْطَلَقُوا بِأَعْيُنِنَا ، ثُمَّ لَبِثْتُ فِي الْمَجْلِسِ سَاعَةً ثُمَّ قُمْتُ فَدَخَلْتُ فَأَمَرْتُ جَارِيَتِي أَنْ تَخْرُجَ بِفَرَسِي وَهِيَ مِنْ وَرَاءِ أَكَمَةٍ فَتَحْبِسَهَا عَلَيَّ ، وَأَخَذْتُ رُمْحِي ، فَخَرَجْتُ بِهِ مِنْ ظَهْرِ الْبَيْتِ فَخَطَطْت بِزُجِّهِ الْأَرْضَ وَخَفَضْتُ عَالِيَهُ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُ فَرَسِي فَرَكِبْتُهَا [المراد أنه خرج خفيةً] فَرَفَعْتُهَا تُقَرِّبُ بِي حَتَّى دَنَوْتُ مِنْهُمْ ، فَعَثَرَتْ بِي فَرَسِي فَخَرَرْتُ عَنْهَا فَقُمْتُ فَأَهْوَيْتُ يَدِي إِلَى كِنَانَتِي فَاسْتَخْرَجْتُ مِنْهَا الْأَزْلامَ فَاسْتَقْسَمْتُ بِهَا أَضُرُّهُمْ أَمْ لَا فَخَرَجَ الَّذِي أَكْرَهُ ، فَرَكِبْتُ فَرَسِي وَعَصَيْتُ الْأَزْلَامَ تُقَرِّبُ بِي حَتَّى إِذَا سَمِعْتُ قِرَاءَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ لَا يَلْتَفِتُ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ يُكْثِرُ الِالْتِفَاتَ سَاخَتْ يَدَا فَرَسِي فِي الأَرْضِ حَتَّى بَلَغَتَا الرُّكْبَتَيْنِ فَخَرَرْتُ عَنْهَا ثُمَّ زَجَرْتُهَا فَنَهَضَتْ فَلَمْ تَكَدْ تُخْرِجُ يَدَيْهَا فَلَمَّا اسْتَوَتْ قَائِمَةً إِذَا لِأَثَرِ يَدَيْهَا عُثَانٌ سَاطِعٌ فِي السَّمَاءِ مِثْلُ الدُّخَانِ فَاسْتَقْسَمْتُ بِالْأَزْلَامِ فَخَرَجَ الَّذِي أَكْرَهُ فَنَادَيْتُهُمْ بِالْأَمَانِ فَوَقَفُوا فَرَكِبْتُ فَرَسِي حَتَّى جِئْتُهُمْ ، وَوَقَعَ فِي نَفْسِي حِينَ لَقِيتُ مَا لَقِيتُ مِنْ الْحَبْسِ عَنْهُمْ أَنْ سَيَظْهَرُ أَمْرُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ : إِنَّ قَوْمَكَ قَدْ جَعَلُوا فِيكَ الدِّيَةَ وَأَخْبَرْتُهُمْ أَخْبَارَ مَا يُرِيدُ النَّاسُ بِهِمْ ، وَعَرَضْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ الزَّادَ وَالْمَتَاعَ ، فَلَمْ يَرْزَآنِي [أي لم يأخذا مما معي شيئاً] وَلَمْ يَسْأَلَانِي إِلَّا أَنْ قَالَ: أَخْفِ عَنَّا . فَسَأَلْتُهُ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ لِي كِتَابَ أَمْنٍ ، فَأَمَرَ عَامِرَ بْنَ فُهَيْرَةَ فَكَتَبَ فِي رُقْعَةٍ مِنْ أَدِيمٍ . ثُمَّ مَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ فَأَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَقِيَ الزُّبَيْرَ فِي رَكْبٍ مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كَانُوا تِجَارًا قَافِلِينَ مِنْ الشَّأْمِ فَكَسَا الزُّبَيْرُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبَا بَكْرٍ ثِيَابَ بَيَاضٍ وَسَمِعَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ مَخْرَجَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ مَكَّةَ فَكَانُوا يَغْدُونَ كُلَّ غَدَاةٍ إِلَى الْحَرَّةِ فَيَنْتَظِرُونَهُ حَتَّى يَرُدَّهُمْ حَرُّ الظَّهِيرَةِ فَانْقَلَبُوا يَوْمًا بَعْدَ مَا أَطَالُوا انْتِظَارَهُمْ فَلَمَّا أَوَوْا إِلَى بُيُوتِهِمْ أَوْفَى رَجُلٌ مِنْ يَهُودَ عَلَى أُطُمٍ [أي حصن] مِنْ آطَامِهِمْ لِأَمْرٍ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ فَبَصُرَ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ مُبَيَّضِينَ يَزُولُ بِهِمْ السَّرَابُ فَلَمْ يَمْلِكْ الْيَهُودِيُّ أَنْ قَالَ بِأَعْلَى صَوْتِهِ يَا مَعَاشِرَ الْعَرَبِ هَذَا جَدُّكُمْ الَّذِي تَنْتَظِرُونَ فَثَارَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ إِلَى السِّلَاحِ فَتَلَقَّوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِظَهْرِ الْحَرَّةِ فَعَدَلَ بِهِمْ ذَاتَ الْيَمِينِ حَتَّى نَزَلَ بِهِمْ فِي بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ وَذَلِكَ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ فَقَامَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لِلنَّاسِ وَجَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ صَامِتًا فَطَفِقَ مَنْ جَاءَ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ مِمَّنْ لَمْ يَرَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُحَيِّي أَبَا بَكْرٍ حَتَّى أَصَابَتْ الشَّمْسُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَقْبَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ حَتَّى ظَلَّلَ عَلَيْهِ بِرِدَائِهِ فَعَرَفَ النَّاسُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَبِثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ بِضْعَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً وَأُسِّسَ الْمَسْجِدُ الَّذِي أُسِّسَ عَلَى التَّقْوَى وَصَلَّى فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثُمَّ رَكِبَ رَاحِلَتَهُ فَسَارَ يَمْشِي مَعَهُ النَّاسُ حَتَّى بَرَكَتْ عِنْدَ مَسْجِدِ الرَّسُولِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي فِيهِ يَوْمَئِذٍ رِجَالٌ مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَكَانَ مِرْبَدًا لِلتَّمْرِ [هو الموضع الذي يجفف فيه التمر] لِسُهَيْلٍ وَسَهْلٍ غُلَامَيْنِ يَتِيمَيْنِ فِي حَجْرِ أَسْعَدَ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ بَرَكَتْ بِهِ رَاحِلَتُهُ : هَذَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ الْمَنْزِلُ ، ثُمَّ دَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْغُلَامَيْنِ فَسَاوَمَهُمَا بِالْمِرْبَدِ لِيَتَّخِذَهُ مَسْجِدًا ، فَقَالَا : لَا ، بَلْ نَهَبُهُ لَكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ . فَأَبَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ أَنْ يَقْبَلَهُ مِنْهُمَا هِبَةً حَتَّى ابْتَاعَهُ مِنْهُمَا ، ثُمَّ بَنَاهُ مَسْجِدًا ، وَطَفِقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَنْقُلُ مَعَهُمْ اللَّبِنَ فِي بُنْيَانِهِ وَيَقُولُ وَهُوَ يَنْقُلُ اللَّبِنَ :
هَذَا الْحِمَالُ لَا حِمَالَ خَيْبَرْ هَذَا أَبَرُّ رَبَّنَا وَأَطْهَرْ
وَيَقُولُ :
اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّ الأَجْرَ أَجْرُ الآخِرَهْ فَارْحَمْ الأَنْصَارَ وَالْمُهَاجِرَهْ
فَتَمَثَّلَ بِشِعْرِ رَجُلٍ مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ لَمْ يُسَمَّ لِي قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ : وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنَا فِي الأَحَادِيثِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَمَثَّلَ بِبَيْتِ شِعْرٍ تَامٍّ غَيْرَ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ .
رواه البخاري (3906) .
ولكن هناك شبهة يقول بها بعض المشككين في الدين ، يقولون : تروي السيرة : أن الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم هاجر هو وأبو بكر بناقتين ودخلوا الغار ولحقتهم قريش تطلبهم فلو كان معهما ناقتان لعرف أهل قريش أن محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم وصاحبه قد دخلا الغار ، فأين الناقتان ؟
وهؤلاء المشككين يريدون الطعن في الدين من أجل ألا يثق الناس بسيرة الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم ويحسبونها ضرباً من الخيال والكذب .
والجواب على هذه الشبهة في غاية السهولة واليسر . . فالرواية السابقة التي جهلها - أو تجاهلها – هؤلاء ترد عليهم من أن الرسول صلى الله عليه و سلم قد اتخذ هادياً يدلهم على الطريق وهو على دين كفار قريش فأمناه فدفعا إليه راحلتيهما وواعداه غار ثور بعد ثلاث ليال براحلتيهما . . .
ففي هذا الحديث من الرد ما يلقمهم الحجر ، والحمد لله على الهدى بعد الضلال .
ومما حدث لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأبي بكر في طريقهما إلى المدينة :
عن أبي بكر رضي الله عنهم قال : قلت للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ وأنا في الغار ـ : " لو أن أحدهم نظر تحت قدميه لأبصرنا فقال : ما ظنك يا أبا بكر باثنين الله ثالثهما " .
رواه البخاري ( 3380 ) ومسلم ( 4389 ) .
وهذا مختصر لأحداث الهجرة ، ومن أراد الاستزادة فليراجع كتاب البداية والنهاية لابن كثير (4/168-205) .
والله أعلم .
When the persecution of the people of Makkah against the Muslims grew intense, Allaah commanded them to migrate so that they could establish the religion of Allaah in a land where they could worship Him.
Allaah chose Madeenah as the land of hijrah (migration for the sake of Allaah). The Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) saw in a dream that he was migrating to that city.
It was narrated from Abu Moosa that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “I saw in a dream that I was migrating from Makkah to a land in which there are date-palms, and I thought that it was al-Yamaamah or Hajar, but it turned out to be al-Madeenah, Yathrib…"
Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 3352; Muslim, 4217.
Al-Bukhaari (3906) narrated that ‘Aa’ishah said: The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said to the Muslims, “I have been shown the land to which you will migrate: it has palm trees between the two lava fields, the two stony tracts." So, some people migrated to Madeenah, and most of those people who had previously migrated to the land of Ethiopia, returned to Madeenah.
Al-Haafiz said:
The harrah (stony tract) is land whose stones are black. This dream was different from the dream mentioned above in the hadeeth of Abu Moosa in which the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was not sure where that land was. Ibn al-Teen said: The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was shown the land of migration in a way that could apply to Madeenah and to other places, then he was shown the feature that is unique to Madeenah so it became clear which land that was.
With regard to the first companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) to migrate:
It was narrated that al-Bara’ (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: The first ones who came to us of the companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) were Mus’ab ibn ‘Umayr and Ibn Umm Maktoom. They started to teach us the Qur’aan. Then ‘Ammaar, Bilaal, and Sa’d came, then ‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab came with twenty others. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) came, and I never saw the people of Madeenah rejoice more than that. They rejoiced so much that I saw the girls and boys saying, “This is the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), he has come."
Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 4560.
The following hadeeth sums up many of the events of the Prophet’s migration:
It was narrated that ‘Aa’ishah said: The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said to the Muslims:
“In a dream I have been shown your place of migration, a land of date palm trees, between two lave fields, the two stony tracts." So, some people migrated to Madeenah, and most of those people who had previously migrated to the land of Ethiopia, returned to Madeenah. Abu Bakr also prepared to leave for Madeenah, but the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said to him, “Wait for a while, because I hope that I will be allowed to migrate also." Abu Bakr said, “Do you indeed expect this? May my father be sacrificed for you!" The Prophet said, "Yes." So Abu Bakr stayed behind for the sake of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) so that he could accompany him. He fed two she-camels he owned with the leaves of the samur tree for four months.
One day, while we were sitting in Abu Bakr's house at noon, someone said to Abu Bakr, "This is the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) with his head covered, coming at a time at which he never used to visit us before." Abu Bakr said, "May my father and mother be sacrificed for him. By Allaah, he has not come at this hour except for something important." So the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) came and asked permission to enter, and he was admitted. When he entered, he said to Abu Bakr. "Tell everyone who is present with you to go away." Abu Bakr replied, "There is no one here but your family. May my father be sacrificed for you, O Messenger of Allaah!" The Prophet said, "I have been given permission to migrate." Abu Bakr said, "Shall I accompany you? May my father be sacrificed for you, O Messenger of Allaah!" The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, "Yes." Abu Bakr said, "O Messenger of Allaah, may my father be sacrificed for you, take one of these two she-camels of mine." The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) replied, "(I will accept it) with payment." So we prepared the baggage quickly and put some journey food in a leather bag for them. Asma’, the daughter of Abu Bakr, cut a piece from her waist belt and tied the mouth of the leather bag with it, and for that reason she was named Dhaat-un-Nitaaqayn (i.e. the owner of two belts).
Then the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and Abu Bakr reached a cave on the mountain of Thawr and stayed there for three nights. 'Abdullah bin Abi Bakr who was an intelligent and wise youth, stayed (with them) overnight. He would leave them before daybreak so that in the morning he would be with Quraysh, as if he had spent the night in Makkah. He would keep in mind any plot made against them, and when it became dark he would (go and) inform them of it. 'Aamir bin Fuhayrah, the freed slave of Abu Bakr, used to bring the milch sheep (of his master, Abu Bakr) to them a little while after nightfall. So they always had fresh milk at night, the milk of their sheep. 'Aamir bin Fuhayrah would then take the flock away when it was still dark (before daybreak). He did the same on each of those three nights. The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and Abu Bakr had hired a man from the tribe of Bani al-Dayl from the family of Bani ‘Abd ibn ‘Adiyy as an expert guide, … he was of the religion of the infidels of Quraysh but the Prophet and Abu Bakr trusted him and gave him their two she-camels and made an appointment with him for him to bring their two she-camels to the cave of the mountain of Thawr in the morning after three nights had passed. And (when they set out), 'Aamir bin Fuhayrah and the guide went along with them and the guide led them along the coast.
Ibn Shihaab said: ‘Abd al-Rahmaan ibn Maalik al-Mudliji, who was the nephew of Suraaqah ibn Maalik ibn Ju'sham, told me that his father informed him that he heard Suraaqah ibn Ju'sham saying, "The messengers of the kuffaar of Quraysh came to us declaring that they had assigned for the persons who would kill or arrest the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and Abu Bakr, a reward equal to their bloodmoney. While I was sitting in one of the gatherings of my tribe, Bani Mudlij, a man from them came to us and stood while we were sitting, and said, 'O Suraaqah! No doubt, I have just seen some people far away on the shore, and I think they are Muhammad and his companions.' " Suraaqah added, "I too realized that it must have been they. But I said 'No, it is not they, but you have seen so-and-so, and so-and-so whom we saw setting out.' I stayed in the gathering for a while and then got up and left for my home. I ordered my slave-girl to get my horse which was behind a hillock, and keep it ready for me.
Then I took my spear and left by the back door of my house dragging the lower end of the spear on the ground and keeping it low. Then I reached my horse, mounted it and made it gallop. When I approached them (i.e. Muhammad and Abu Bakr), my horse stumbled and I fell down from it, Then I stood up, got hold of my quiver and took out the divining arrows and drew lots as to whether I should harm them (i.e. the Prophet and Abu Bakr) or not, and the lot which I disliked came out. But I remounted my horse and let it gallop, giving no importance to the divining arrows. When I heard the recitation of the Qur’aan by the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) who was not looking around although Abu Bakr kept doing that, suddenly the forelegs of my horse sank into the ground up to the knees, and I fell down from it. Then I rebuked it and it got up but it could hardly lift its forelegs from the ground, and when it stood up straight again, its forelegs caused dust to rise up in the sky like smoke. Then again I drew lots with the divining arrows, and the lot which I disliked, came out. So I called to them to let them know they were safe. They stopped, and I remounted my horse and went to them. When I saw how I had been hampered from harming them, it came to my mind that the Cause of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) (i.e. Islam) would become victorious. So I said to him, "Your people have assigned a reward equal to the bloodmoney for your capture." Then I told them all the plans the people of Makkah had made concerning them. Then I offered them some journey food and goods but they refused to take anything and did not ask for anything, but the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said, "Do not tell others about us." Then I requested him to write for me a guarantee of security. He ordered 'Aamir bin Fuhayrah to write it for me on a piece of animal skin, then the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) went on his way."
Ibn Shihaab said: 'Urwah ibn al-Zubayr told me: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) met al-Zubayr in a caravan of Muslim merchants who were returning from Syria. Al-Zubayr gave the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and Abu Bakr a gift of white clothes. When the Muslims of Madeenah heard the news of the departure of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) from Makkah (towards Madeenah), they started going to the harrah (lava field) every morning. They would wait for him till the heat of the noon forced them to return. One day, after waiting for a long while, they returned home, and when they went into their houses, a Jew climbed up onto the roof of one of the forts of his people to look for something, and he saw the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and his companions dressed in white clothes, as if they were emerging out of a desert mirage.
The Jew could not help shouting at the top of his voice, "O Arabs! Here is your great man whom you have been waiting for!" So all the Muslims rushed to pick up their weapons and went to meet the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) on the lava field. The Prophet turned with them to the right and alighted in the land of Bani 'Amr ibn 'Awf. This was on Monday in the month of Rabee’ al-Awwal. Abu Bakr stood up, receiving the people while the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) sat down and kept silent. Some of the Ansaar who came and had not seen the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) before, began greeting Abu Bakr, but when the sunshine fell on the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and Abu Bakr came forward and shaded him with his cloak, only then did the people come to know the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).
The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) stayed with Bani 'Amr ibn 'Awf for ten nights and established the mosque (mosque of Quba’) which was founded on piety. The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) prayed in it and then mounted his she-camel and moved on, accompanied by the people till his she-camel knelt down at (the place of) the mosque of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) at Madeenah. Some Muslims used to pray there in those days, and that place was a yard for drying dates belonging to Suhayl and Sahl, two orphan boys who were under the guardianship of As’ad ibn Zuraarah. When his she-camel knelt down, the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, "This place, Allah willing, will be our place." The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) then called the two boys and told them to name a price for that yard so that he might take it as a mosque. The two boys said, "No, but we will give it as a gift, O Messenger of Allaah!" The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) refused to take it as a gift and insisted on buying it from them, then he built a mosque there. The Prophet himself started carrying unburnt bricks for its building and while doing so, he was saying "This load is better than the load of Khaybar, for it is more pious in the Sight of Allaah and purer and better rewardable."
He was also saying, "O Allaah! The actual reward is the reward in the Hereafter, so bestow Your Mercy on the Ansaar and the Muhaajireen."
Thus the Prophet recited (by way of proverb) the poem of some Muslim poet whose name is unknown to me.
Ibn Shibaab said, "We have not heard in any ahaadeeth that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) recited any complete line of poetry apart from this."
Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 3906
But there is a specious argument put forward by some of those who want to stir up doubts about Islam. They say that the seerah narrated that the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and Abu Bakr migrated with two she-camels, and they entered the cave, and Quraysh pursued them; if they had two she-camels with them, the people of Quraysh would have known that Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and his companion had entered the cave. So where were the two camels?
These doubters want to attack Islam so that people will not believe the seerah of the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), and to make them think that the seerah is based on illusions and lies.
The response to this specious argument is very simple indeed. The report quoted above – of which these people are unaware, or they ignore it – tells them that the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) had hired a guide to show them the way, and even though he was a follower of the kaafir religion of Quraysh, they trusted him. So they gave their mounts to him and made an appointment with him for him to bring their mounts back to them at the cave of Thawr after three nights had passed.
This hadeeth clearly refutes their specious argument and shuts them up. Praise be to Allaah for guidance after misguidance.
Another thing that happened to the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and Abu Bakr on their way to Madeenah:
It was narrated that Abu Bakr (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: I said to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) – when I was in the cave – “If any one of them looks down at his feet he will see us." He said, “What do you think, O Abu Bakr, of two people of whom Allaah is the third?"
Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 3380; Muslim, 4389
This is a summary of the events of the hijrah. Whoever wants to know more may consult references such as al-Bidaayah wa’l-Nihaayah by Ibn Katheer, 4/168-205
And Allaah knows best.
فاختار الله تعالى المدينة النبويَّة داراً للهجرة ، وكان الرسول صلى الله عليه و سلم قد رأى في المنام أنه يهاجر إليها .
عن أبي موسى عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : رَأَيْتُ فِي الْمَنَامِ أَنِّي أُهَاجِرُ مِنْ مَكَّةَ إِلَى أَرْضٍ بِهَا نَخْلٌ فَذَهَبَ وَهَلِي [أي ظني] إِلَى أَنَّهَا الْيَمَامَةُ أَوْ هَجَرُ فَإِذَا هِيَ الْمَدِينَةُ يَثْرِبُ . . . الحديث .
رواه البخاري (3352) ومسلم (4217) .
وروى البخاري (3906) عن عائشة قالت : . . . قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ : إِنِّي أُرِيتُ دَارَ هِجْرَتِكُمْ ذَاتَ نَخْلٍ بَيْنَ لَابَتَيْنِ وَهُمَا الْحَرَّتَانِ ، فَهَاجَرَ مَنْ هَاجَرَ قِبَلَ الْمَدِينَةِ ، وَرَجَعَ عَامَّةُ مَنْ كَانَ هَاجَرَ بِأَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ .
قال الحافظ :
وَالْحَرَّة أَرْضٌ حِجَارَتُهَا سُودٌ , وَهَذِهِ الرُّؤْيَا غَيْر الرُّؤْيَا السَّابِقَة في حَدِيث أَبِي مُوسَى الَّتِي تَرَدَّدَ فِيهَا النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ , قَالَ اِبْن التِّين : كَأَنَّ النَّبِيّ صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أُرِيَ دَار الْهِجْرَة بِصِفَةٍ تَجْمَع الْمَدِينَة وَغَيْرهَا , ثُمَّ أُرِيَ الصِّفَة الْمُخْتَصَّة بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَتَعَيَّنَتْ اهـ
وأما عن أول من هاجر من أصحاب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم :
فعن البراء رضي الله عنه قال : " أول من قدم علينا من أصحاب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم مصعب بن عمير وابن أم مكتوم فجعلا يقرئاننا القرآن ثم جاء عمار وبلال وسعد ثم جاء عمر بن الخطاب في عشرين ثم جاء النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فما رأيت أهل المدينة فرحوا بشيء فرحهم به حتى رأيت الولائد والصبيان يقولون هذا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قد جاء . . . " .
رواه البخاري ( 4560 ) .
وفي الحديث التالي مختصر لكثير من أحداث الهجرة النبوية :
عن عائشة قالت : . . . . فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ : إِنِّي أُرِيتُ دَارَ هِجْرَتِكُمْ ذَاتَ نَخْلٍ بَيْنَ لابَتَيْنِ وَهُمَا الْحَرَّتَانِ ، فَهَاجَرَ مَنْ هَاجَرَ قِبَلَ الْمَدِينَةِ ، وَرَجَعَ عَامَّةُ مَنْ كَانَ هَاجَرَ بِأَرْضِ الْحَبَشَةِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ ، وَتَجَهَّزَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ قِبَلَ الْمَدِينَةِ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : عَلَى رِسْلِكَ ، فَإِنِّي أَرْجُو أَنْ يُؤْذَنَ لِي . فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : وَهَلْ تَرْجُو ذَلِكَ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ ؟ قَالَ : نَعَمْ . فَحَبَسَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ نَفْسَهُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِيَصْحَبَهُ ، وَعَلَفَ رَاحِلَتَيْنِ كَانَتَا عِنْدَهُ وَرَقَ السَّمُرِ -وَهُوَ الْخَبَطُ- أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ . . . ثم قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : فَبَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ يَوْمًا جُلُوسٌ فِي بَيْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فِي نَحْرِ الظَّهِيرَةِ قَالَ قَائِلٌ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ : هَذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُتَقَنِّعًا فِي سَاعَةٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَأْتِينَا فِيهَا . فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : فِدَاءٌ لَهُ أَبِي وَأُمِّي ، وَاللَّهِ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّاعَةِ إِلَّا أَمْرٌ . قَالَتْ : فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَاسْتَأْذَنَ فَأُذِنَ لَهُ ، فَدَخَلَ ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ : أَخْرِجْ مَنْ عِنْدَكَ . فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : إِنَّمَا هُمْ أَهْلُكَ ، بِأَبِي أَنْتَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ . قَالَ : فَإِنِّي قَدْ أُذِنَ لِي فِي الْخُرُوجِ . فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : الصَّحَابَةُ [أي : أريد المصاحبة] بِأَبِي أَنْتَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ . قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : نَعَمْ . قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : فَخُذْ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِحْدَى رَاحِلَتَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ . قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : بِالثَّمَنِ . قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : فَجَهَّزْنَاهُمَا أَحَثَّ الْجِهَازِ ، وَصَنَعْنَا لَهُمَا سُفْرَةً فِي جِرَابٍ ، فَقَطَعَتْ أَسْمَاءُ بِنْتُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قِطْعَةً مِنْ نِطَاقِهَا فَرَبَطَتْ بِهِ عَلَى فَمِ الْجِرَابِ ، فَبِذَلِكَ سُمِّيَتْ ذَاتَ النِّطَاقَيْنِ . قَالَتْ : ثُمَّ لَحِقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ بِغَارٍ فِي جَبَلِ ثَوْرٍ فَكَمَنَا فِيهِ ثَلَاثَ لَيَالٍ، يَبِيتُ عِنْدَهُمَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَهُوَ غُلَامٌ شَابٌّ ثَقِفٌ لَقِنٌ [أي : حاذق سريع الفهم] فَيُدْلِجُ مِنْ عِنْدِهِمَا بِسَحَرٍ [أي يخرج من عندهما آخر الليل] فَيُصْبِحُ مَعَ قُرَيْشٍ بِمَكَّةَ كَبَائِتٍ فَلَا يَسْمَعُ أَمْرًا يُكْتَادَانِ بِهِ إِلَّا وَعَاهُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهُمَا بِخَبَرِ ذَلِكَ حِينَ يَخْتَلِطُ الظَّلَامُ . وَيَرْعَى عَلَيْهِمَا عَامِرُ بْنُ فُهَيْرَةَ مَوْلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ مِنْحَةً مِنْ غَنَمٍ فَيُرِيحُهَا عَلَيْهِمَا حِينَ تَذْهَبُ سَاعَةٌ مِنْ الْعِشَاءِ ، فَيَبِيتَانِ فِي رِسْلٍ وَهُوَ لَبَنُ مِنْحَتِهِمَا وَرَضِيفِهِمَا حَتَّى يَنْعِقَ بِهَا عَامِرُ بْنُ فُهَيْرَةَ بِغَلَسٍ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ فِي كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ تِلْكَ اللَّيَالِي الثَّلَاثِ . وَاسْتَأْجَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي الدِّيلِ وَهُوَ مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ هَادِيَا خِرِّيتًا وَالْخِرِّيتُ الْمَاهِرُ بِالْهِدَايَةِ . . . وَهُوَ عَلَى دِينِ كُفَّارِ قُرَيْشٍ فَأَمِنَاهُ فَدَفَعَا إِلَيْهِ رَاحِلَتَيْهِمَا وَوَاعَدَاهُ غَارَ ثَوْرٍ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثِ لَيَالٍ بِرَاحِلَتَيْهِمَا صُبْحَ ثَلَاثٍ وَانْطَلَقَ مَعَهُمَا عَامِرُ بْنُ فُهَيْرَةَ وَالدَّلِيلُ فَأَخَذَ بِهِمْ طَرِيقَ السَّوَاحِلِ . قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ وَأَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَالِكٍ الْمُدْلِجِيُّ وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَخِي سُرَاقَةَ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ جُعْشُمٍ أَنَّ أَبَاهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ سُرَاقَةَ بْنَ جُعْشُمٍ يَقُولُ : جَاءَنَا رُسُلُ كُفَّارِ قُرَيْشٍ يَجْعَلُونَ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ دِيَةَ كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا ، مَنْ قَتَلَهُ أَوْ أَسَرَهُ فَبَيْنَمَا أَنَا جَالِسٌ فِي مَجْلِسٍ مِنْ مَجَالِسِ قَوْمِي بَنِي مُدْلِجٍ أَقْبَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ حَتَّى قَامَ عَلَيْنَا وَنَحْنُ جُلُوسٌ فَقَالَ : يَا سُرَاقَةُ ، إِنِّي قَدْ رَأَيْتُ آنِفًا أَسْوِدَةً بِالسَّاحِلِ أُرَاهَا مُحَمَّدًا وَأَصْحَابَهُ . قَالَ سُرَاقَةُ : فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهُمْ هُمْ ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ : إِنَّهُمْ لَيْسُوا بِهِمْ ، وَلَكِنَّكَ رَأَيْتَ فُلَانًا وَفُلَانًا ، انْطَلَقُوا بِأَعْيُنِنَا ، ثُمَّ لَبِثْتُ فِي الْمَجْلِسِ سَاعَةً ثُمَّ قُمْتُ فَدَخَلْتُ فَأَمَرْتُ جَارِيَتِي أَنْ تَخْرُجَ بِفَرَسِي وَهِيَ مِنْ وَرَاءِ أَكَمَةٍ فَتَحْبِسَهَا عَلَيَّ ، وَأَخَذْتُ رُمْحِي ، فَخَرَجْتُ بِهِ مِنْ ظَهْرِ الْبَيْتِ فَخَطَطْت بِزُجِّهِ الْأَرْضَ وَخَفَضْتُ عَالِيَهُ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُ فَرَسِي فَرَكِبْتُهَا [المراد أنه خرج خفيةً] فَرَفَعْتُهَا تُقَرِّبُ بِي حَتَّى دَنَوْتُ مِنْهُمْ ، فَعَثَرَتْ بِي فَرَسِي فَخَرَرْتُ عَنْهَا فَقُمْتُ فَأَهْوَيْتُ يَدِي إِلَى كِنَانَتِي فَاسْتَخْرَجْتُ مِنْهَا الْأَزْلامَ فَاسْتَقْسَمْتُ بِهَا أَضُرُّهُمْ أَمْ لَا فَخَرَجَ الَّذِي أَكْرَهُ ، فَرَكِبْتُ فَرَسِي وَعَصَيْتُ الْأَزْلَامَ تُقَرِّبُ بِي حَتَّى إِذَا سَمِعْتُ قِرَاءَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ لَا يَلْتَفِتُ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ يُكْثِرُ الِالْتِفَاتَ سَاخَتْ يَدَا فَرَسِي فِي الأَرْضِ حَتَّى بَلَغَتَا الرُّكْبَتَيْنِ فَخَرَرْتُ عَنْهَا ثُمَّ زَجَرْتُهَا فَنَهَضَتْ فَلَمْ تَكَدْ تُخْرِجُ يَدَيْهَا فَلَمَّا اسْتَوَتْ قَائِمَةً إِذَا لِأَثَرِ يَدَيْهَا عُثَانٌ سَاطِعٌ فِي السَّمَاءِ مِثْلُ الدُّخَانِ فَاسْتَقْسَمْتُ بِالْأَزْلَامِ فَخَرَجَ الَّذِي أَكْرَهُ فَنَادَيْتُهُمْ بِالْأَمَانِ فَوَقَفُوا فَرَكِبْتُ فَرَسِي حَتَّى جِئْتُهُمْ ، وَوَقَعَ فِي نَفْسِي حِينَ لَقِيتُ مَا لَقِيتُ مِنْ الْحَبْسِ عَنْهُمْ أَنْ سَيَظْهَرُ أَمْرُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ : إِنَّ قَوْمَكَ قَدْ جَعَلُوا فِيكَ الدِّيَةَ وَأَخْبَرْتُهُمْ أَخْبَارَ مَا يُرِيدُ النَّاسُ بِهِمْ ، وَعَرَضْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ الزَّادَ وَالْمَتَاعَ ، فَلَمْ يَرْزَآنِي [أي لم يأخذا مما معي شيئاً] وَلَمْ يَسْأَلَانِي إِلَّا أَنْ قَالَ: أَخْفِ عَنَّا . فَسَأَلْتُهُ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ لِي كِتَابَ أَمْنٍ ، فَأَمَرَ عَامِرَ بْنَ فُهَيْرَةَ فَكَتَبَ فِي رُقْعَةٍ مِنْ أَدِيمٍ . ثُمَّ مَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ فَأَخْبَرَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَقِيَ الزُّبَيْرَ فِي رَكْبٍ مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كَانُوا تِجَارًا قَافِلِينَ مِنْ الشَّأْمِ فَكَسَا الزُّبَيْرُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبَا بَكْرٍ ثِيَابَ بَيَاضٍ وَسَمِعَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ مَخْرَجَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ مَكَّةَ فَكَانُوا يَغْدُونَ كُلَّ غَدَاةٍ إِلَى الْحَرَّةِ فَيَنْتَظِرُونَهُ حَتَّى يَرُدَّهُمْ حَرُّ الظَّهِيرَةِ فَانْقَلَبُوا يَوْمًا بَعْدَ مَا أَطَالُوا انْتِظَارَهُمْ فَلَمَّا أَوَوْا إِلَى بُيُوتِهِمْ أَوْفَى رَجُلٌ مِنْ يَهُودَ عَلَى أُطُمٍ [أي حصن] مِنْ آطَامِهِمْ لِأَمْرٍ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ فَبَصُرَ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ مُبَيَّضِينَ يَزُولُ بِهِمْ السَّرَابُ فَلَمْ يَمْلِكْ الْيَهُودِيُّ أَنْ قَالَ بِأَعْلَى صَوْتِهِ يَا مَعَاشِرَ الْعَرَبِ هَذَا جَدُّكُمْ الَّذِي تَنْتَظِرُونَ فَثَارَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ إِلَى السِّلَاحِ فَتَلَقَّوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِظَهْرِ الْحَرَّةِ فَعَدَلَ بِهِمْ ذَاتَ الْيَمِينِ حَتَّى نَزَلَ بِهِمْ فِي بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ وَذَلِكَ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ فَقَامَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لِلنَّاسِ وَجَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ صَامِتًا فَطَفِقَ مَنْ جَاءَ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ مِمَّنْ لَمْ يَرَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُحَيِّي أَبَا بَكْرٍ حَتَّى أَصَابَتْ الشَّمْسُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَقْبَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ حَتَّى ظَلَّلَ عَلَيْهِ بِرِدَائِهِ فَعَرَفَ النَّاسُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَبِثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ بِضْعَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً وَأُسِّسَ الْمَسْجِدُ الَّذِي أُسِّسَ عَلَى التَّقْوَى وَصَلَّى فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ثُمَّ رَكِبَ رَاحِلَتَهُ فَسَارَ يَمْشِي مَعَهُ النَّاسُ حَتَّى بَرَكَتْ عِنْدَ مَسْجِدِ الرَّسُولِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي فِيهِ يَوْمَئِذٍ رِجَالٌ مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَكَانَ مِرْبَدًا لِلتَّمْرِ [هو الموضع الذي يجفف فيه التمر] لِسُهَيْلٍ وَسَهْلٍ غُلَامَيْنِ يَتِيمَيْنِ فِي حَجْرِ أَسْعَدَ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ بَرَكَتْ بِهِ رَاحِلَتُهُ : هَذَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ الْمَنْزِلُ ، ثُمَّ دَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْغُلَامَيْنِ فَسَاوَمَهُمَا بِالْمِرْبَدِ لِيَتَّخِذَهُ مَسْجِدًا ، فَقَالَا : لَا ، بَلْ نَهَبُهُ لَكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ . فَأَبَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ أَنْ يَقْبَلَهُ مِنْهُمَا هِبَةً حَتَّى ابْتَاعَهُ مِنْهُمَا ، ثُمَّ بَنَاهُ مَسْجِدًا ، وَطَفِقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَنْقُلُ مَعَهُمْ اللَّبِنَ فِي بُنْيَانِهِ وَيَقُولُ وَهُوَ يَنْقُلُ اللَّبِنَ :
هَذَا الْحِمَالُ لَا حِمَالَ خَيْبَرْ هَذَا أَبَرُّ رَبَّنَا وَأَطْهَرْ
وَيَقُولُ :
اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّ الأَجْرَ أَجْرُ الآخِرَهْ فَارْحَمْ الأَنْصَارَ وَالْمُهَاجِرَهْ
فَتَمَثَّلَ بِشِعْرِ رَجُلٍ مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ لَمْ يُسَمَّ لِي قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ : وَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنَا فِي الأَحَادِيثِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَمَثَّلَ بِبَيْتِ شِعْرٍ تَامٍّ غَيْرَ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ .
رواه البخاري (3906) .
ولكن هناك شبهة يقول بها بعض المشككين في الدين ، يقولون : تروي السيرة : أن الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم هاجر هو وأبو بكر بناقتين ودخلوا الغار ولحقتهم قريش تطلبهم فلو كان معهما ناقتان لعرف أهل قريش أن محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم وصاحبه قد دخلا الغار ، فأين الناقتان ؟
وهؤلاء المشككين يريدون الطعن في الدين من أجل ألا يثق الناس بسيرة الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم ويحسبونها ضرباً من الخيال والكذب .
والجواب على هذه الشبهة في غاية السهولة واليسر . . فالرواية السابقة التي جهلها - أو تجاهلها – هؤلاء ترد عليهم من أن الرسول صلى الله عليه و سلم قد اتخذ هادياً يدلهم على الطريق وهو على دين كفار قريش فأمناه فدفعا إليه راحلتيهما وواعداه غار ثور بعد ثلاث ليال براحلتيهما . . .
ففي هذا الحديث من الرد ما يلقمهم الحجر ، والحمد لله على الهدى بعد الضلال .
ومما حدث لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأبي بكر في طريقهما إلى المدينة :
عن أبي بكر رضي الله عنهم قال : قلت للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ وأنا في الغار ـ : " لو أن أحدهم نظر تحت قدميه لأبصرنا فقال : ما ظنك يا أبا بكر باثنين الله ثالثهما " .
رواه البخاري ( 3380 ) ومسلم ( 4389 ) .
وهذا مختصر لأحداث الهجرة ، ومن أراد الاستزادة فليراجع كتاب البداية والنهاية لابن كثير (4/168-205) .
والله أعلم .
When the persecution of the people of Makkah against the Muslims grew intense, Allaah commanded them to migrate so that they could establish the religion of Allaah in a land where they could worship Him.
Allaah chose Madeenah as the land of hijrah (migration for the sake of Allaah). The Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) saw in a dream that he was migrating to that city.
It was narrated from Abu Moosa that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “I saw in a dream that I was migrating from Makkah to a land in which there are date-palms, and I thought that it was al-Yamaamah or Hajar, but it turned out to be al-Madeenah, Yathrib…"
Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 3352; Muslim, 4217.
Al-Bukhaari (3906) narrated that ‘Aa’ishah said: The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said to the Muslims, “I have been shown the land to which you will migrate: it has palm trees between the two lava fields, the two stony tracts." So, some people migrated to Madeenah, and most of those people who had previously migrated to the land of Ethiopia, returned to Madeenah.
Al-Haafiz said:
The harrah (stony tract) is land whose stones are black. This dream was different from the dream mentioned above in the hadeeth of Abu Moosa in which the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was not sure where that land was. Ibn al-Teen said: The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was shown the land of migration in a way that could apply to Madeenah and to other places, then he was shown the feature that is unique to Madeenah so it became clear which land that was.
With regard to the first companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) to migrate:
It was narrated that al-Bara’ (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: The first ones who came to us of the companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) were Mus’ab ibn ‘Umayr and Ibn Umm Maktoom. They started to teach us the Qur’aan. Then ‘Ammaar, Bilaal, and Sa’d came, then ‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab came with twenty others. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) came, and I never saw the people of Madeenah rejoice more than that. They rejoiced so much that I saw the girls and boys saying, “This is the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), he has come."
Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 4560.
The following hadeeth sums up many of the events of the Prophet’s migration:
It was narrated that ‘Aa’ishah said: The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said to the Muslims:
“In a dream I have been shown your place of migration, a land of date palm trees, between two lave fields, the two stony tracts." So, some people migrated to Madeenah, and most of those people who had previously migrated to the land of Ethiopia, returned to Madeenah. Abu Bakr also prepared to leave for Madeenah, but the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said to him, “Wait for a while, because I hope that I will be allowed to migrate also." Abu Bakr said, “Do you indeed expect this? May my father be sacrificed for you!" The Prophet said, "Yes." So Abu Bakr stayed behind for the sake of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) so that he could accompany him. He fed two she-camels he owned with the leaves of the samur tree for four months.
One day, while we were sitting in Abu Bakr's house at noon, someone said to Abu Bakr, "This is the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) with his head covered, coming at a time at which he never used to visit us before." Abu Bakr said, "May my father and mother be sacrificed for him. By Allaah, he has not come at this hour except for something important." So the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) came and asked permission to enter, and he was admitted. When he entered, he said to Abu Bakr. "Tell everyone who is present with you to go away." Abu Bakr replied, "There is no one here but your family. May my father be sacrificed for you, O Messenger of Allaah!" The Prophet said, "I have been given permission to migrate." Abu Bakr said, "Shall I accompany you? May my father be sacrificed for you, O Messenger of Allaah!" The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, "Yes." Abu Bakr said, "O Messenger of Allaah, may my father be sacrificed for you, take one of these two she-camels of mine." The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) replied, "(I will accept it) with payment." So we prepared the baggage quickly and put some journey food in a leather bag for them. Asma’, the daughter of Abu Bakr, cut a piece from her waist belt and tied the mouth of the leather bag with it, and for that reason she was named Dhaat-un-Nitaaqayn (i.e. the owner of two belts).
Then the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and Abu Bakr reached a cave on the mountain of Thawr and stayed there for three nights. 'Abdullah bin Abi Bakr who was an intelligent and wise youth, stayed (with them) overnight. He would leave them before daybreak so that in the morning he would be with Quraysh, as if he had spent the night in Makkah. He would keep in mind any plot made against them, and when it became dark he would (go and) inform them of it. 'Aamir bin Fuhayrah, the freed slave of Abu Bakr, used to bring the milch sheep (of his master, Abu Bakr) to them a little while after nightfall. So they always had fresh milk at night, the milk of their sheep. 'Aamir bin Fuhayrah would then take the flock away when it was still dark (before daybreak). He did the same on each of those three nights. The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and Abu Bakr had hired a man from the tribe of Bani al-Dayl from the family of Bani ‘Abd ibn ‘Adiyy as an expert guide, … he was of the religion of the infidels of Quraysh but the Prophet and Abu Bakr trusted him and gave him their two she-camels and made an appointment with him for him to bring their two she-camels to the cave of the mountain of Thawr in the morning after three nights had passed. And (when they set out), 'Aamir bin Fuhayrah and the guide went along with them and the guide led them along the coast.
Ibn Shihaab said: ‘Abd al-Rahmaan ibn Maalik al-Mudliji, who was the nephew of Suraaqah ibn Maalik ibn Ju'sham, told me that his father informed him that he heard Suraaqah ibn Ju'sham saying, "The messengers of the kuffaar of Quraysh came to us declaring that they had assigned for the persons who would kill or arrest the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and Abu Bakr, a reward equal to their bloodmoney. While I was sitting in one of the gatherings of my tribe, Bani Mudlij, a man from them came to us and stood while we were sitting, and said, 'O Suraaqah! No doubt, I have just seen some people far away on the shore, and I think they are Muhammad and his companions.' " Suraaqah added, "I too realized that it must have been they. But I said 'No, it is not they, but you have seen so-and-so, and so-and-so whom we saw setting out.' I stayed in the gathering for a while and then got up and left for my home. I ordered my slave-girl to get my horse which was behind a hillock, and keep it ready for me.
Then I took my spear and left by the back door of my house dragging the lower end of the spear on the ground and keeping it low. Then I reached my horse, mounted it and made it gallop. When I approached them (i.e. Muhammad and Abu Bakr), my horse stumbled and I fell down from it, Then I stood up, got hold of my quiver and took out the divining arrows and drew lots as to whether I should harm them (i.e. the Prophet and Abu Bakr) or not, and the lot which I disliked came out. But I remounted my horse and let it gallop, giving no importance to the divining arrows. When I heard the recitation of the Qur’aan by the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) who was not looking around although Abu Bakr kept doing that, suddenly the forelegs of my horse sank into the ground up to the knees, and I fell down from it. Then I rebuked it and it got up but it could hardly lift its forelegs from the ground, and when it stood up straight again, its forelegs caused dust to rise up in the sky like smoke. Then again I drew lots with the divining arrows, and the lot which I disliked, came out. So I called to them to let them know they were safe. They stopped, and I remounted my horse and went to them. When I saw how I had been hampered from harming them, it came to my mind that the Cause of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) (i.e. Islam) would become victorious. So I said to him, "Your people have assigned a reward equal to the bloodmoney for your capture." Then I told them all the plans the people of Makkah had made concerning them. Then I offered them some journey food and goods but they refused to take anything and did not ask for anything, but the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said, "Do not tell others about us." Then I requested him to write for me a guarantee of security. He ordered 'Aamir bin Fuhayrah to write it for me on a piece of animal skin, then the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) went on his way."
Ibn Shihaab said: 'Urwah ibn al-Zubayr told me: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) met al-Zubayr in a caravan of Muslim merchants who were returning from Syria. Al-Zubayr gave the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and Abu Bakr a gift of white clothes. When the Muslims of Madeenah heard the news of the departure of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) from Makkah (towards Madeenah), they started going to the harrah (lava field) every morning. They would wait for him till the heat of the noon forced them to return. One day, after waiting for a long while, they returned home, and when they went into their houses, a Jew climbed up onto the roof of one of the forts of his people to look for something, and he saw the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and his companions dressed in white clothes, as if they were emerging out of a desert mirage.
The Jew could not help shouting at the top of his voice, "O Arabs! Here is your great man whom you have been waiting for!" So all the Muslims rushed to pick up their weapons and went to meet the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) on the lava field. The Prophet turned with them to the right and alighted in the land of Bani 'Amr ibn 'Awf. This was on Monday in the month of Rabee’ al-Awwal. Abu Bakr stood up, receiving the people while the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) sat down and kept silent. Some of the Ansaar who came and had not seen the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) before, began greeting Abu Bakr, but when the sunshine fell on the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and Abu Bakr came forward and shaded him with his cloak, only then did the people come to know the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).
The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) stayed with Bani 'Amr ibn 'Awf for ten nights and established the mosque (mosque of Quba’) which was founded on piety. The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) prayed in it and then mounted his she-camel and moved on, accompanied by the people till his she-camel knelt down at (the place of) the mosque of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) at Madeenah. Some Muslims used to pray there in those days, and that place was a yard for drying dates belonging to Suhayl and Sahl, two orphan boys who were under the guardianship of As’ad ibn Zuraarah. When his she-camel knelt down, the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, "This place, Allah willing, will be our place." The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) then called the two boys and told them to name a price for that yard so that he might take it as a mosque. The two boys said, "No, but we will give it as a gift, O Messenger of Allaah!" The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) refused to take it as a gift and insisted on buying it from them, then he built a mosque there. The Prophet himself started carrying unburnt bricks for its building and while doing so, he was saying "This load is better than the load of Khaybar, for it is more pious in the Sight of Allaah and purer and better rewardable."
He was also saying, "O Allaah! The actual reward is the reward in the Hereafter, so bestow Your Mercy on the Ansaar and the Muhaajireen."
Thus the Prophet recited (by way of proverb) the poem of some Muslim poet whose name is unknown to me.
Ibn Shibaab said, "We have not heard in any ahaadeeth that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) recited any complete line of poetry apart from this."
Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 3906
But there is a specious argument put forward by some of those who want to stir up doubts about Islam. They say that the seerah narrated that the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and Abu Bakr migrated with two she-camels, and they entered the cave, and Quraysh pursued them; if they had two she-camels with them, the people of Quraysh would have known that Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and his companion had entered the cave. So where were the two camels?
These doubters want to attack Islam so that people will not believe the seerah of the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), and to make them think that the seerah is based on illusions and lies.
The response to this specious argument is very simple indeed. The report quoted above – of which these people are unaware, or they ignore it – tells them that the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) had hired a guide to show them the way, and even though he was a follower of the kaafir religion of Quraysh, they trusted him. So they gave their mounts to him and made an appointment with him for him to bring their mounts back to them at the cave of Thawr after three nights had passed.
This hadeeth clearly refutes their specious argument and shuts them up. Praise be to Allaah for guidance after misguidance.
Another thing that happened to the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and Abu Bakr on their way to Madeenah:
It was narrated that Abu Bakr (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: I said to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) – when I was in the cave – “If any one of them looks down at his feet he will see us." He said, “What do you think, O Abu Bakr, of two people of whom Allaah is the third?"
Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 3380; Muslim, 4389
This is a summary of the events of the hijrah. Whoever wants to know more may consult references such as al-Bidaayah wa’l-Nihaayah by Ibn Katheer, 4/168-205
And Allaah knows best.