النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وبناء المجتمع الإسلامي
محمد مرسى
1437/01/03 - 2015/10/16 01:54AM
النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وبناء المجتمع الإسلامي
كيف وإلى أي حد نجح سيدنا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم في إنشاء مجتمع مستقر في المدينة عام 632 ميلادي .
الحمد لله
لاشك أن المجتمع الذي أنشأه النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في المدينة هو مثال للمجتمعات الآمنة المستقرة ، وقد ظهر ذلك جليّاً منذ أن وطىء النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بقدمه المدينة وبدأ في تكوين الدولة ، ويرجع أمن واستقرار المجتمع هذا إلى عدة أسباب وعوامل ، منها :
أولاً :
بناؤه صلى الله عليه وسلم للمسجد في المدينة أوّل قدومه مما ساعد في إيجاد مرجع يُلجأ إليه حين النوازل ، ومكان يجتمع فيه المسلمون يسأل بعضهم عن بعض ، ويعرف بعضهم أحوال بعض ، فيعاد مريضهم ، وتتبع جنازة ميتهم ، ويعان مسكينهم ، ويزوج أعزبهم .
وهذه بعض الأحاديث في ذلك :
عن أنس بن مالك رضي الله عنه : لمَّا قدم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم المدينة أمر ببناء المسجد ، وقال : يا بني النجار ثامنوني بحائطكم هذا ، قالوا : لا والله لا نطلب ثمنه إلا إلى الله . رواه البخاري ( 2622 ) ومسلم ( 524 ) .
عن البراء بن عازب : { ولا تيمموا الخبيث منه تنفقون } قال : نزلت فينا معشر الأنصار ، كنا أصحاب نخل ، فكان الرجل يأتي من نخله على قدر كثرته وقلته وكان الرجل يأتي بالقِنو والقنوين فيعلقه في المسجد وكان أهل الصفة – وفي رواية ابن ماجه " فقراء المهاجرين " - ليس لهم طعام ، فكان أحدهم إذا جاع أتى القنو فضربه بعصاه فيسقط من البسر والتمر فيأكل ، وكان ناس ممن لا يرغب في الخير يأتي الرجل بالقنو فيه الشيص والحشف وبالقنو قد انكسر فيعلقه ، فأنزل الله تبارك تعالى { يا أيها الذين آمنوا أنفقوا من طيبات ما كسبتم ومما أخرجنا لكم من الأرض ولا تيمموا الخبيث منه تنفقون ولستم بآخذيه إلا أن تغمضوا فيه } قال : لو أن أحدكم أهدي إليه مثل ما أعطاه لم يأخذه إلا على إغماض أو حياء ، قال : فكنا بعد ذلك يأتي أحدنا بصالح ما عنده . رواه الترمذي ( 2987 ) وابن ماجه ( 1822 ) . وصححه الألباني في صحيح الترمذي ( 2389 ) .
القِنو : العذق الذي فيه الرطب . الشيص : النخل غير الملقح . الحَشَف : تمر يابس فاسد .
ثانياً :
إيخاؤه صلى الله عليه وسلم بين المهاجرن والأنصار ، وقد قوَّى هذا الفعل بين أفراد المجتمع المدني بما لم يُسمع بمثله ، فآخى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بين العجمي والعربي ، وبين الحر والمولى ، وبين القرشي ومن دونه من أهل القبائل ، فصار المجتمع لحمة واحدة ، وجسداً واحداً ، فلم يستغرب بعدها أن يطلب الأنصاري من المهاجر أن يتقاسم معه ماله نصفين ، وأن يعرض الأنصاري على المهاجر إحدى نسائه ليطلقها له ويتزوجها ، وكان المهاجر يرثُ الأنصاريَّ لقوة ما بينهم من العلاقة ، ثم نسخ التوارث بينهما بآية المواريث ، ورُغِّب الأنصار أن يوصوا لهم بشيء ، فبمثل هذا المجتمع تضرب الأمثال .
وهذه بعض الأحاديث في ذلك :
1- عن عبد الرحمن بن عوف رضي الله عنه قال : لمَّا قدمنا المدينة آخى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بيني وبين سعد بن الربيع ، فقال سعد بن الربيع : إني أكثر الأنصار مالاً فأقْسِم لك نصف مالي ، وانظر أي زوجتي هويتَ نزلتُ لك عنها ، فإذا حلَّت تزوجتَها ، قال : فقال له عبد الرحمن : لا حاجة لي في ذلك ، هل من سوق فيه تجارة ؟ قال : سوق قينقاع ، قال : فغدا إليه عبد الرحمن فأتى بأقط وسمن ، قال : ثم تابع الغدو فما لبث أن جاء عبد الرحمن عليه أثر صفرة فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : تزوجتَ ؟ قال : نعم ، قال : ومن ؟ قال : امرأة من الأنصار ، قال : كم سقت ؟ قال : زنة نواة من ذهب – أو نواة من ذهب - فقال له النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم : أوْلِم ولو بشاة . رواه البخاري ( 1943 ) .
2- عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما قال : كان المهاجرون لمَّا قدموا المدينة يرث المهاجر الأنصاري دون ذوي رحمه للأخوة التي آخى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بينهم فلما نزلت { ولكل جعلنا موالي } نسخت ثم قال { والذين عقدت أيمانكم } إلا النصر والرفادة والنصيحة وقد ذهب الميراث ويوصي له . رواه البخاري ( 2170 ) .
ثالثاً :
شرعت الزكاة في السنة الثانية للهجرة ، فصارت المواساة بين الأغنياء للفقراء مما جعل اللحمة تزداد بين المجتمع المدني ، وأواصر الأخوة في الله تقوى أكثر من ذي قبل ، بل تعدى الأمر من إيتاء الزكاة إلى صدقة التطوع .
عن أنس بن مالك رضي الله عنه قال : كان أبو طلحة أكثر الأنصار بالمدينة مالاً من نخل ، وكان أحب أمواله إليه " بيرحاء " ، وكانت مستقبلة المسجد وكان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يدخلها ويشرب من ماء فيها طيب ، قال أنس : فلما أُنزلت هذه الآية { لن تنالوا البر حتى تنفقوا مما تحبون } قام أبو طلحة إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال : يا رسول الله إن الله تبارك وتعالى يقول { لن تنالوا البر حتى تنفقوا مما تحبون } وإن أحب أموالي إلي " بيرحاء " وإنها صدقة لله أرجو برَّها وذُخرها عند الله فضعها يا رسول الله حيث أراك الله ، قال : فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : بخٍ ذلك مال رابح ، ذلك مال رابح ، وقد سمعت ما قلت وإني أرى أن تجعلها في الأقربين ، فقال أبو طلحة : أفعل يا رسول الله ، فقسمها أبو طلحة في أقاربه وبني عمه . رواه البخاري ( 1392 ) ومسلم ( 998 ) .
وقد ظهرت علامات التآلف بين المسلمين في المدينة ، وعرف المهاجرون حق إخوانهم الأنصار عليهم، وفي ذلك بعض الأحاديث ومنها :
عن أنس قال : لما قدِم النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم المدينةَ أتاه المهاجرون ، فقالوا : يا رسول الله ، ما رأينا قوماً أبذلَ مِن كثيرٍ ولا أحسنَ مواساةً مِن قليلٍ من قومٍ نزلنا بين أظهرهم ، لقد كفونا المؤنة ، وأشركونا في المهنإ ، حتى لقد خفنا أن يذهبوا بالأجر كله ، فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم : لا ما دعوتم الله لهم وأثنيتم عليهم . رواه الترمذي ( 2487 ) وصححه الألباني في صحيح الترمذي ( 2020 ) .
وقد ألّف الله بين قلوب أهل المجتمع المدني ، وكان الحب في الله تعالى من شعارات القوم ، وقد أوجبه الله عليهم ، وجعله من علامات كمال الإيمان .
عن أنس رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " لا يؤمن أحدكم حتى يحب لأخيه ما يحب لنفسه " . رواه البخاري ( 13 ) ومسلم ( 45 ) .
عن النعمان بن بشير قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " ترى المؤمنين في تراحمهم وتوادهم وتعاطفهم كمثل الجسد إذا اشتكى منه عضو تداعى له سائر جسده بالسهر والحمى " .
رواه البخاري ( 5665 ) ومسلم ( 2586 ) .
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and the establishment of the Islamic society
How and with degree of success was muhammed(s.a.w)able to establish a stable community in medinah 632ce.
Praise be to Allaah.
Undoubtedly the society that was established by the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) in Madeenah was an example of a stable and secure society. That was manifestly apparent from the moment the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) first set foot in Madeenah and stated to form the Islamic state. The security and stability of this society were due to a number of reasons and factors, including the following:
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) built the mosque in Madeenah as soon as he arrived there, which helped to establish a focal point to which people could turn when calamities struck, and a place where the Muslims could gather to meet one another and find out about one another, so they could find out who was sick and go to visit them, attend the funerals of those who died, help their poor and arrange marriages for those who were single.
These are some of the ahaadeeth concerning that:
It was narrated from Anas ibn Maalik (may Allaah be pleased with him) that when the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) came to Madeenah, he ordered that the mosque should be built, and he said, “O Banu Najjaar, name me a price for this garden of yours." They said, “No by Allaah, we will not seek its price except from Allaah."
(Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 2622; Muslim, 524)
It was narrated that al-Bara’ ibn ‘Aazib said: “[The verse] ‘and do not aim at that which is bad to spend from it’ [al-Baqarah 2:267 – interpretation of the meaning] was revealed concerning us Ansaar. We used to own date palm trees. A man would bring (the harvest) from his date palms, whether it was a little or a lot. A man would bring one or two bunches of dates and hang them in the mosque. Ahl al-Suffah – or according to a report narrated by Ibn Maajah, the poor among the Muhaajireen – had no food, so if one of them got hungry he would come and strike the bunch with his stick, and ripe and unripe dates would fall, and he would eat them. But there were some uncharitable people who would bring a bunch of dates that contained rotten or dried-up dates, or a bunch that was damaged, and hang it up. Then Allaah revealed the words (interpretation of the meaning):
“O you who believe! Spend of the good things which you have (legally) earned, and of that which We have produced from the earth for you, and do not aim at that which is bad to spend from it, (though) you would not accept it save if you close your eyes and tolerate therein"
[al-Baqarah 2:267]
He said: if any one of you were to be given something like they gave, he would not accept it unless he did so with his eyes closed or out of shyness. He said, after that one of us would bring the best dates that he had.
Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, 2987; Ibn Maajah, 1822. Classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Tirmidhi, 2389.
Secondly:
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) established brotherhood between the Muhaajireen (the Emigrants who had come from Makkah) and the Ansaar (helpers, the Muslims in Madeenah). This action strengthened the bonds between the members of the Madeenan society in a manner previously unheard of. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) established bonds of brotherhood between non-Arabs and Arabs, between free men and former slaves, between people of Quraysh and members of other tribes. So the society became one entity, after which it was not surprising that an Ansaari would ask a Muhaajir to take half of his wealth, or an Ansaari would offer to divorce one of his wives so that a Muhaajir could marry her, or a Muhaajir would inherit from an Ansaari, because of the strength of the bonds between them. Then inheritance between them was abrogated by the verse on inheritance, but the Ansaar were encouraged to bequeath something to them. This was an exemplary society.
There follow some of the ahaadeeth concerning that:
1 – It was narrated that ‘Abd al-Rahmaan ibn ‘Awf (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: When we came to Madeenah, the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) established bonds of brotherhood between me and Sa’d ibn al-Rabee’. Sa’d ibn al-Rabee’ said: “I am the wealthiest of the Ansaar, so I will give you half my wealth, and see which of my wives you would prefer, I will divorce her for you, and when she becomes permissible you can marry her." ‘Abd al-Rahmaan said to him, “I do not need that. Is there a marketplace where people trade?" He said, “The marketplace of Qaynuqaa’." So the next day ‘Abd al-Rahmaan went there and took some cottage cheese and ghee, and he did that the next day. It was not long before ‘And al-Rahmaan came with traces of yellow (perfume) on him. The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said, “Have you gotten married?" He said, “Yes?" He said, “To whom?" He said, “A woman from among the Ansaar." He said, “How much was the mahr?" He said, “A gold piece equal in weight to a date stone (or a date stone of gold)." The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said to him, “Give a wedding feast (waleemah), even if with one sheep."
Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 1943.
2 – It was narrated from Ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him) that when the Muhaajireen came to Madeenah, a Muhaajir would inherit from an Ansaari to the exclusion of the Ansaari’s own relatives, because of the bonds of brotherhood that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) had established between them. When the verse “And to everyone, We have appointed heirs" [al-Nisa’ 4:33 – interpretation of the meaning] was revealed, that was abrogated. And the phrase “To those also with whom you have made a pledge (brotherhood)" [al-Nisa’ 4:33 – interpretation of the meaning] has to do with the covenant of helping, supporting and advising one another. So the rights of inheritance no longer apply, but they may bequeath to one another.
Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 2170.
Thirdly:
Zakaah was prescribed in the second year of the Hijrah, which made the rich and poor more equal and increased the coherence of the Madeenan society, and the bonds of brotherhood for the sake of Allaah became stronger than before. Indeed, the matter went further than zakaah to include voluntary charity.
It was narrated that Anas ibn Maalik (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: Abu Talhah was the wealthiest of the Ansaar of Madeenah in terms of palm trees, and the dearest of his wealth to him was (the garden of) Bayraha’, which was opposite the mosque. The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to enter it and drink from good water that was to be found there. Anas said: When the verse “By no means shall you attain Al-Birr (piety, righteousness — here it means Allaah’s reward, i.e. Paradise), unless you spend (in Allaah’s Cause) of that which you love" [Aal- Imraan 3:92 – interpretation of the meaning] was revealed, Abu Talhah got up and went to the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and said, “O Messenger of Allaah, Allaah says ‘By no means shall you attain Al-Birr (piety, righteousness — here it means Allaah’s reward, i.e. Paradise), unless you spend (in Allaah’s Cause) of that which you love’ and the dearest of my wealth to me is Bayraha’. (I give it in) charity for the sake of Allaah, hoping to earn its reward with Allaah, so dispose of it, O Messenger of Allaah, as Allaah shows you." The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said, “Well done, that is a profitable deal, that is a profitable deal. I have heard what you said and I think that you should distribute it among your relatives." Abu Talhah said, “I shall do that, O Messenger of Allaah," and he distributed it among his relatives and the sons of his paternal uncles.
Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 1392; Muslim, 998
So the signs of harmony appeared among the Muslims in Madeenah, and the Muhaajireen recognized the rights that their Ansaar brothers had over them. There are a number of ahaadeeth concerning that, including the following:
It was narrated that Anas said: When the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) came to Madeenah, the Muhaajireen came to him and said, “O Messenger of Allaah, we have never seen any people more generous when they have the means and more helpful when they have little than the people among whom we have settled. They have looked after us and they have let us join them and share in all their happy occasions, to such an extent that we are afraid that they will take all the reward. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said, “Not so long as you pray for them and praise them."
Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, 2487; classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Tirmidhi, 2020.
Allaah created loved between the hearts of the people of Madeenah, and love for the sake of Allaah was one of the symbols of the people that Allaah enjoined upon them and made it one of the signs of perfect faith.
It was narrated from Anas (may Allaah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “None of you truly believes until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself."
Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 13; Muslim, 45.
It was narrated that al-Nu’maan ibn Basheer said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The believers, in their mutual mercy, love and compassion, are like a (single) body; if one part of it feels pain, the rest of the body will join it in staying awake and suffering fever."
Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 5665; Muslim, 2586.
كيف وإلى أي حد نجح سيدنا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم في إنشاء مجتمع مستقر في المدينة عام 632 ميلادي .
الحمد لله
لاشك أن المجتمع الذي أنشأه النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في المدينة هو مثال للمجتمعات الآمنة المستقرة ، وقد ظهر ذلك جليّاً منذ أن وطىء النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بقدمه المدينة وبدأ في تكوين الدولة ، ويرجع أمن واستقرار المجتمع هذا إلى عدة أسباب وعوامل ، منها :
أولاً :
بناؤه صلى الله عليه وسلم للمسجد في المدينة أوّل قدومه مما ساعد في إيجاد مرجع يُلجأ إليه حين النوازل ، ومكان يجتمع فيه المسلمون يسأل بعضهم عن بعض ، ويعرف بعضهم أحوال بعض ، فيعاد مريضهم ، وتتبع جنازة ميتهم ، ويعان مسكينهم ، ويزوج أعزبهم .
وهذه بعض الأحاديث في ذلك :
عن أنس بن مالك رضي الله عنه : لمَّا قدم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم المدينة أمر ببناء المسجد ، وقال : يا بني النجار ثامنوني بحائطكم هذا ، قالوا : لا والله لا نطلب ثمنه إلا إلى الله . رواه البخاري ( 2622 ) ومسلم ( 524 ) .
عن البراء بن عازب : { ولا تيمموا الخبيث منه تنفقون } قال : نزلت فينا معشر الأنصار ، كنا أصحاب نخل ، فكان الرجل يأتي من نخله على قدر كثرته وقلته وكان الرجل يأتي بالقِنو والقنوين فيعلقه في المسجد وكان أهل الصفة – وفي رواية ابن ماجه " فقراء المهاجرين " - ليس لهم طعام ، فكان أحدهم إذا جاع أتى القنو فضربه بعصاه فيسقط من البسر والتمر فيأكل ، وكان ناس ممن لا يرغب في الخير يأتي الرجل بالقنو فيه الشيص والحشف وبالقنو قد انكسر فيعلقه ، فأنزل الله تبارك تعالى { يا أيها الذين آمنوا أنفقوا من طيبات ما كسبتم ومما أخرجنا لكم من الأرض ولا تيمموا الخبيث منه تنفقون ولستم بآخذيه إلا أن تغمضوا فيه } قال : لو أن أحدكم أهدي إليه مثل ما أعطاه لم يأخذه إلا على إغماض أو حياء ، قال : فكنا بعد ذلك يأتي أحدنا بصالح ما عنده . رواه الترمذي ( 2987 ) وابن ماجه ( 1822 ) . وصححه الألباني في صحيح الترمذي ( 2389 ) .
القِنو : العذق الذي فيه الرطب . الشيص : النخل غير الملقح . الحَشَف : تمر يابس فاسد .
ثانياً :
إيخاؤه صلى الله عليه وسلم بين المهاجرن والأنصار ، وقد قوَّى هذا الفعل بين أفراد المجتمع المدني بما لم يُسمع بمثله ، فآخى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بين العجمي والعربي ، وبين الحر والمولى ، وبين القرشي ومن دونه من أهل القبائل ، فصار المجتمع لحمة واحدة ، وجسداً واحداً ، فلم يستغرب بعدها أن يطلب الأنصاري من المهاجر أن يتقاسم معه ماله نصفين ، وأن يعرض الأنصاري على المهاجر إحدى نسائه ليطلقها له ويتزوجها ، وكان المهاجر يرثُ الأنصاريَّ لقوة ما بينهم من العلاقة ، ثم نسخ التوارث بينهما بآية المواريث ، ورُغِّب الأنصار أن يوصوا لهم بشيء ، فبمثل هذا المجتمع تضرب الأمثال .
وهذه بعض الأحاديث في ذلك :
1- عن عبد الرحمن بن عوف رضي الله عنه قال : لمَّا قدمنا المدينة آخى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بيني وبين سعد بن الربيع ، فقال سعد بن الربيع : إني أكثر الأنصار مالاً فأقْسِم لك نصف مالي ، وانظر أي زوجتي هويتَ نزلتُ لك عنها ، فإذا حلَّت تزوجتَها ، قال : فقال له عبد الرحمن : لا حاجة لي في ذلك ، هل من سوق فيه تجارة ؟ قال : سوق قينقاع ، قال : فغدا إليه عبد الرحمن فأتى بأقط وسمن ، قال : ثم تابع الغدو فما لبث أن جاء عبد الرحمن عليه أثر صفرة فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : تزوجتَ ؟ قال : نعم ، قال : ومن ؟ قال : امرأة من الأنصار ، قال : كم سقت ؟ قال : زنة نواة من ذهب – أو نواة من ذهب - فقال له النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم : أوْلِم ولو بشاة . رواه البخاري ( 1943 ) .
2- عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما قال : كان المهاجرون لمَّا قدموا المدينة يرث المهاجر الأنصاري دون ذوي رحمه للأخوة التي آخى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بينهم فلما نزلت { ولكل جعلنا موالي } نسخت ثم قال { والذين عقدت أيمانكم } إلا النصر والرفادة والنصيحة وقد ذهب الميراث ويوصي له . رواه البخاري ( 2170 ) .
ثالثاً :
شرعت الزكاة في السنة الثانية للهجرة ، فصارت المواساة بين الأغنياء للفقراء مما جعل اللحمة تزداد بين المجتمع المدني ، وأواصر الأخوة في الله تقوى أكثر من ذي قبل ، بل تعدى الأمر من إيتاء الزكاة إلى صدقة التطوع .
عن أنس بن مالك رضي الله عنه قال : كان أبو طلحة أكثر الأنصار بالمدينة مالاً من نخل ، وكان أحب أمواله إليه " بيرحاء " ، وكانت مستقبلة المسجد وكان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يدخلها ويشرب من ماء فيها طيب ، قال أنس : فلما أُنزلت هذه الآية { لن تنالوا البر حتى تنفقوا مما تحبون } قام أبو طلحة إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال : يا رسول الله إن الله تبارك وتعالى يقول { لن تنالوا البر حتى تنفقوا مما تحبون } وإن أحب أموالي إلي " بيرحاء " وإنها صدقة لله أرجو برَّها وذُخرها عند الله فضعها يا رسول الله حيث أراك الله ، قال : فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : بخٍ ذلك مال رابح ، ذلك مال رابح ، وقد سمعت ما قلت وإني أرى أن تجعلها في الأقربين ، فقال أبو طلحة : أفعل يا رسول الله ، فقسمها أبو طلحة في أقاربه وبني عمه . رواه البخاري ( 1392 ) ومسلم ( 998 ) .
وقد ظهرت علامات التآلف بين المسلمين في المدينة ، وعرف المهاجرون حق إخوانهم الأنصار عليهم، وفي ذلك بعض الأحاديث ومنها :
عن أنس قال : لما قدِم النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم المدينةَ أتاه المهاجرون ، فقالوا : يا رسول الله ، ما رأينا قوماً أبذلَ مِن كثيرٍ ولا أحسنَ مواساةً مِن قليلٍ من قومٍ نزلنا بين أظهرهم ، لقد كفونا المؤنة ، وأشركونا في المهنإ ، حتى لقد خفنا أن يذهبوا بالأجر كله ، فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم : لا ما دعوتم الله لهم وأثنيتم عليهم . رواه الترمذي ( 2487 ) وصححه الألباني في صحيح الترمذي ( 2020 ) .
وقد ألّف الله بين قلوب أهل المجتمع المدني ، وكان الحب في الله تعالى من شعارات القوم ، وقد أوجبه الله عليهم ، وجعله من علامات كمال الإيمان .
عن أنس رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " لا يؤمن أحدكم حتى يحب لأخيه ما يحب لنفسه " . رواه البخاري ( 13 ) ومسلم ( 45 ) .
عن النعمان بن بشير قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " ترى المؤمنين في تراحمهم وتوادهم وتعاطفهم كمثل الجسد إذا اشتكى منه عضو تداعى له سائر جسده بالسهر والحمى " .
رواه البخاري ( 5665 ) ومسلم ( 2586 ) .
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and the establishment of the Islamic society
How and with degree of success was muhammed(s.a.w)able to establish a stable community in medinah 632ce.
Praise be to Allaah.
Undoubtedly the society that was established by the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) in Madeenah was an example of a stable and secure society. That was manifestly apparent from the moment the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) first set foot in Madeenah and stated to form the Islamic state. The security and stability of this society were due to a number of reasons and factors, including the following:
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) built the mosque in Madeenah as soon as he arrived there, which helped to establish a focal point to which people could turn when calamities struck, and a place where the Muslims could gather to meet one another and find out about one another, so they could find out who was sick and go to visit them, attend the funerals of those who died, help their poor and arrange marriages for those who were single.
These are some of the ahaadeeth concerning that:
It was narrated from Anas ibn Maalik (may Allaah be pleased with him) that when the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) came to Madeenah, he ordered that the mosque should be built, and he said, “O Banu Najjaar, name me a price for this garden of yours." They said, “No by Allaah, we will not seek its price except from Allaah."
(Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 2622; Muslim, 524)
It was narrated that al-Bara’ ibn ‘Aazib said: “[The verse] ‘and do not aim at that which is bad to spend from it’ [al-Baqarah 2:267 – interpretation of the meaning] was revealed concerning us Ansaar. We used to own date palm trees. A man would bring (the harvest) from his date palms, whether it was a little or a lot. A man would bring one or two bunches of dates and hang them in the mosque. Ahl al-Suffah – or according to a report narrated by Ibn Maajah, the poor among the Muhaajireen – had no food, so if one of them got hungry he would come and strike the bunch with his stick, and ripe and unripe dates would fall, and he would eat them. But there were some uncharitable people who would bring a bunch of dates that contained rotten or dried-up dates, or a bunch that was damaged, and hang it up. Then Allaah revealed the words (interpretation of the meaning):
“O you who believe! Spend of the good things which you have (legally) earned, and of that which We have produced from the earth for you, and do not aim at that which is bad to spend from it, (though) you would not accept it save if you close your eyes and tolerate therein"
[al-Baqarah 2:267]
He said: if any one of you were to be given something like they gave, he would not accept it unless he did so with his eyes closed or out of shyness. He said, after that one of us would bring the best dates that he had.
Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, 2987; Ibn Maajah, 1822. Classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Tirmidhi, 2389.
Secondly:
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) established brotherhood between the Muhaajireen (the Emigrants who had come from Makkah) and the Ansaar (helpers, the Muslims in Madeenah). This action strengthened the bonds between the members of the Madeenan society in a manner previously unheard of. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) established bonds of brotherhood between non-Arabs and Arabs, between free men and former slaves, between people of Quraysh and members of other tribes. So the society became one entity, after which it was not surprising that an Ansaari would ask a Muhaajir to take half of his wealth, or an Ansaari would offer to divorce one of his wives so that a Muhaajir could marry her, or a Muhaajir would inherit from an Ansaari, because of the strength of the bonds between them. Then inheritance between them was abrogated by the verse on inheritance, but the Ansaar were encouraged to bequeath something to them. This was an exemplary society.
There follow some of the ahaadeeth concerning that:
1 – It was narrated that ‘Abd al-Rahmaan ibn ‘Awf (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: When we came to Madeenah, the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) established bonds of brotherhood between me and Sa’d ibn al-Rabee’. Sa’d ibn al-Rabee’ said: “I am the wealthiest of the Ansaar, so I will give you half my wealth, and see which of my wives you would prefer, I will divorce her for you, and when she becomes permissible you can marry her." ‘Abd al-Rahmaan said to him, “I do not need that. Is there a marketplace where people trade?" He said, “The marketplace of Qaynuqaa’." So the next day ‘Abd al-Rahmaan went there and took some cottage cheese and ghee, and he did that the next day. It was not long before ‘And al-Rahmaan came with traces of yellow (perfume) on him. The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said, “Have you gotten married?" He said, “Yes?" He said, “To whom?" He said, “A woman from among the Ansaar." He said, “How much was the mahr?" He said, “A gold piece equal in weight to a date stone (or a date stone of gold)." The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said to him, “Give a wedding feast (waleemah), even if with one sheep."
Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 1943.
2 – It was narrated from Ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him) that when the Muhaajireen came to Madeenah, a Muhaajir would inherit from an Ansaari to the exclusion of the Ansaari’s own relatives, because of the bonds of brotherhood that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) had established between them. When the verse “And to everyone, We have appointed heirs" [al-Nisa’ 4:33 – interpretation of the meaning] was revealed, that was abrogated. And the phrase “To those also with whom you have made a pledge (brotherhood)" [al-Nisa’ 4:33 – interpretation of the meaning] has to do with the covenant of helping, supporting and advising one another. So the rights of inheritance no longer apply, but they may bequeath to one another.
Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 2170.
Thirdly:
Zakaah was prescribed in the second year of the Hijrah, which made the rich and poor more equal and increased the coherence of the Madeenan society, and the bonds of brotherhood for the sake of Allaah became stronger than before. Indeed, the matter went further than zakaah to include voluntary charity.
It was narrated that Anas ibn Maalik (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: Abu Talhah was the wealthiest of the Ansaar of Madeenah in terms of palm trees, and the dearest of his wealth to him was (the garden of) Bayraha’, which was opposite the mosque. The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to enter it and drink from good water that was to be found there. Anas said: When the verse “By no means shall you attain Al-Birr (piety, righteousness — here it means Allaah’s reward, i.e. Paradise), unless you spend (in Allaah’s Cause) of that which you love" [Aal- Imraan 3:92 – interpretation of the meaning] was revealed, Abu Talhah got up and went to the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and said, “O Messenger of Allaah, Allaah says ‘By no means shall you attain Al-Birr (piety, righteousness — here it means Allaah’s reward, i.e. Paradise), unless you spend (in Allaah’s Cause) of that which you love’ and the dearest of my wealth to me is Bayraha’. (I give it in) charity for the sake of Allaah, hoping to earn its reward with Allaah, so dispose of it, O Messenger of Allaah, as Allaah shows you." The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said, “Well done, that is a profitable deal, that is a profitable deal. I have heard what you said and I think that you should distribute it among your relatives." Abu Talhah said, “I shall do that, O Messenger of Allaah," and he distributed it among his relatives and the sons of his paternal uncles.
Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 1392; Muslim, 998
So the signs of harmony appeared among the Muslims in Madeenah, and the Muhaajireen recognized the rights that their Ansaar brothers had over them. There are a number of ahaadeeth concerning that, including the following:
It was narrated that Anas said: When the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) came to Madeenah, the Muhaajireen came to him and said, “O Messenger of Allaah, we have never seen any people more generous when they have the means and more helpful when they have little than the people among whom we have settled. They have looked after us and they have let us join them and share in all their happy occasions, to such an extent that we are afraid that they will take all the reward. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said, “Not so long as you pray for them and praise them."
Narrated by al-Tirmidhi, 2487; classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Tirmidhi, 2020.
Allaah created loved between the hearts of the people of Madeenah, and love for the sake of Allaah was one of the symbols of the people that Allaah enjoined upon them and made it one of the signs of perfect faith.
It was narrated from Anas (may Allaah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “None of you truly believes until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself."
Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 13; Muslim, 45.
It was narrated that al-Nu’maan ibn Basheer said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The believers, in their mutual mercy, love and compassion, are like a (single) body; if one part of it feels pain, the rest of the body will join it in staying awake and suffering fever."
Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 5665; Muslim, 2586.