الصدق truthful
محمد مرسى
1434/05/01 - 2013/03/13 13:36PM
الصدق
هو : قول الحق الذي يواطئ فيه اللسان القلب ، وهو أيضاً : القول المطابق للواقع والحقيقة من حيث اللغة .
ولما كان الصدق ضرورة من ضرورات المجتمع الإنساني ، وفضيلة من فضائل السلوك البشري ذات النفع العظيم ، وكان الكذب عنصر إفساد كبير للمجتمعات الإنسانية ، وسبب لهدم أبنيتها ، وتقطيع روابطها وصلاتها ، ورذيلة من رذائل السلوك ذات الضرر البالغ ؛ أمر الإسلام بالصدق ونهى عن الكذب .
قال تعالى : ( يا أيها الذين آمنوا اتقوا الله وكونوا مع الصادقين ) ، قال ابن كثير رحمه الله 2/414 : أي : اصدقوا والزموا الصدق تكونوا من أهله ، وتنجوا من المهالك ، ويجعل لكم فرجاً من أموركم ومخرجاً أ.هـ .
وقال سبحانه : ( فلو صدقوا الله لكان خيراً لهم ) .
وعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بن مسعود رضي الله عنه قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : "عَلَيْكُمْ بِالصِّدْقِ فَإِنَّ الصِّدْقَ يَهْدِي إِلَى الْبِرِّ وَإِنَّ الْبِرَّ يَهْدِي إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَمَا يَزَالُ الرَّجُلُ يَصْدُقُ وَيَتَحَرَّى الصِّدْقَ ( أي يبالغ فيه ويجتهد ) حَتَّى يُكْتَبَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ صِدِّيقًا وَإِيَّاكُمْ وَالْكَذِبَ فَإِنَّ الْكَذِبَ يَهْدِي إِلَى الْفُجُورِ وَإِنَّ الْفُجُورَ يَهْدِي إِلَى النَّارِ وَمَا يَزَالُ الرَّجُلُ يَكْذِبُ وَيَتَحَرَّى الْكَذِبَ حَتَّى يُكْتَبَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ كَذَّابًا . " رواه مسلم 4721 .
فدل هذا الحديث على أن الصدق يهدي إلى البر ، والبر كلمة جامعة تدل على كل وجوه الخير ، ومختلف الأعمال الصالحات ، والفجور في أصله الميل والانحراف عن الحق ، والفاجر هو المائل عن طريق الهداية ، فالفجور والبر ضدان متقابلان .
وعن الحسن بن علي بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنهما قال : حفظت من رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " دع ما يريبك إلى مالا يريبك ، فإن الصدق طمأنينة ، والكذب ريبة " رواه الترمذي 2520 والنسائي 8/327 وأحمد 1/200 .
وجاء من حديث أبي سفيان رضي الله عنه في حديثه الطويل في قصة هرقل حين قال : فماذا يأمركم ، يعني النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ، قال أبو سفيان ، قلت : يقول : " اعبدوا الله وحده لا تشركوا بالله شيئاً ، واتركوا ما يقول آباؤكم ، ويأمرنا بالصلاة ، والصدق والعفاف والصلة " رواه البخاري 1/30 ومسلم 1773 .
وعن حكيم بن حزام رضي الله عنه أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " البيعان بالخيار ما لم يتفرقا ، فإن صدقا وبيّنا بورك لهما في بيعهما ، وإن كتما وكذبا محقت بركة بيعهما " رواه البخاري 4/275 ومسلم 1532 .
والصدق يشمل الصدق مع الله بإخلاص العبادة لله والصّدق مع النّفس بإقامتها على شرع الله والصّدق مع النّاس في الكلام والوعود والمعاملات من البيع والشراء والنكاح فلا تدليس ولا غش ولا تزوير ولا إخفاء للمعلومات وهكذا حتى يكون ظاهر الإنسان كباطنه وسره كعلانيته .
أما بالنسبة للكذب فإنه محرم عظيم ويتفاوت في القبح والإثم وأشنع صوره الكذب على الله والرسول لأنه افتراء في الدين ، وتجرؤ عظيم على الله ، ولذلك كان من صفات النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم صفة الصدق في تبليغ ما أمره الله بتبليغه ، ولهذا قال تعالى : ( فمن أظلم ممن افترى على الله كذباً ليضل الناس بغير علم إن الله لا يهدي القوم الظالمين ) وقال تعالى : ( ومن أظلم ممن افترى على الله كذباً أولئك يعرضون على ربهم ويقول الأشهاد هؤلاء الذين كذبوا على ربهم ألا لعنة الله على الظالمين ) ، ونظير ذلك الكذب على النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم كما جاء في الحديث المتواتر عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال : " من كذب علي متعمداً فليتبوأ مقعده من النار " متفق عليه .
والأصل في الكذب عدم الجواز ، ولكن توجد حالات جاء الشرع بجواز الكذب فيها تحقيقاً للمصلحة العظيمة أو دفعاً للمضرة :
فمن تلك الحالات أن يتوسط إنسان للإصلاح بين فريقين متخاصمين إذا لم يمكنه أن يصلح إلا بشيء منه لحديث أم كلثوم رضي الله عنها أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " ليس الكذاب الذي يصلح بين الناس فيَنْمي ( أي يبلّغ ) خيراً أو يقول خيراً ". رواه البخاري 2495
ومن تلك الحالات حديث الرجل لامرأته ، وحديث المرأة لزوجها في الأمور التي تشدّ أواصر الوفاق والمودّة بينهما وما قد يصاحب ذلك الكلام من المبالغات كما جاء في حديث أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ يَزِيدَ قَالَتْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لا يَحِلُّ الْكَذِبُ إِلا فِي ثَلَاثٍ يُحَدِّثُ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ لِيُرْضِيَهَا وَالْكَذِبُ فِي الْحَرْبِ وَالْكَذِبُ لِيُصْلِحَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ . " رواه الترمذي 1862 وقال هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ وانظر صحيح مسلم 4717 .
وإن من أعظم صور الصدق والكذب الصدق في العهد والوعد والكذب فيهما ، فالصدق في الوعد وفي العهد من فضائل الأخلاق التي يتحلى بها المؤمنون ، ويشترك الوعد والعهد بأن كلاً منهما إخبار بأمر جزم المخبر بأن يفعله لا سيما إن كان الوعد والعهد في حقوق الله تعالى كما قال تعالى مثنياً على بعض عباده : ( والذين هم لأماناتهم وعهدهم راعون ) وقال تعالى : ( والموفون بعهدهم إذا عاهدوا ) وقال تعالى : ( من المؤمنين رجال صدقوا ما عاهدوا الله عليه فمنهم من قضى نحبه ومنهم من ينتظر وما بدلوا تبديلا )
نسأل الله تعالى أن يرزقنا الإخلاص والصدق في الأقوال والأعمال .
Being truthful means speaking the truth and also saying things that reflect reality.
Being truthful is one of the necessities of a human society, one of the virtues of human behaviour, and brings great benefits, whilst lying is one of the major elements of corruption in human society, and the cause of the destruction of social structure and ties, one of the most evil features of bad conduct, and causes widespread harm. Hence Islam commanded truthfulness and forbade lying.
Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“O you who believe! Be afraid of Allaah, and be with those who are true (in word and deeds)." [al-Tawbah 9:119]
Ibn Katheer (may Allaah have mercy on him) said (2/414): “It means: be truthful and adhere to truthfulness, and you will be among its people and will be saved from calamity, and this will make a way out for you from your problems."
Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“… if they had been true to Allaah, it would have been better for them." [Muhammad 47:21]
‘Abd-Allaah ibn Mas’ood (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: “The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: ‘You must be truthful, for truthfulness leads to righteousness and righteousness leads to Paradise. A man will keep speaking the truth and striving to speak the truth until he will be recorded with Allaah as a siddeeq (speaker of the truth). Beware of telling lies, for lying leads to immorality and immorality leads to Hellfire. A man will keep telling lies and striving to tell lies until he is recorded with Allaah as a liar." (Reported by Muslim, 4721)
This hadeeth indicates that truthfulness leads to righteousness (al-birr), an all-embracing concept that includes all kinds of goodness and different kinds of righteous deeds. Immorality is basically an inclination towards deviation from the truth, and the immoral person (faajir) is one who is inclined to turn away from the path of guidance. Hence immorality and righteousness are diametrically opposed.
Al-Hasan ibn ‘Ali ibn Abi Taalib (may Allaah be pleased with them both) said: “I memorized from the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): ‘Leave that which makes you doubt for that which does not make you doubt, for truthfulness is certainty and tranquillity, whilst lying is doubt and confusion." (Reported by al-Tirmidhi, 2520; al-Nisaa'i, 8/327; and Ahmad, 1/200)
In the lengthy hadeeth of Abu Sufyaan describing his meeting with Heraclius, Abu Sufyaan (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: “[Heraclius] said, ‘What does he [meaning the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him] command you to do?’ I said, ‘He says: worship Allaah alone and do not associate anything in worship with Him, and abandon that which your forefathers did. He commands us to pray, to be truthful, to be chaste and to uphold the ties of kinship.’" (Reported by al-Bukhaari, 1/30 and Muslim, 1773).
Hakeem ibn Hizaam (may Allaah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Two parties to a deal have the option of changing their minds until they part; if they are open and honest, their deal will be blessed, and if they conceal and tell lies, the blessing of their deal will be diminished." (Reported by al-Bukhaari, 4/275 and Muslim, 1532.)
Truthfulness includes being truthful towards Allaah by worshipping Him sincerely; being truthful towards one’s own soul by making it adhere to the laws of Allaah; and being truthful with people in one's words and by keeping one's promises, and in dealings such as buying, selling and marriage, so there should be no deceiving, cheating, falsifying or withholding of information. Thus a person should be the same on the inside and the outside.
As regards lying, it is highly forbidden, and is of varying degrees of abhorrence and sin. The most obnoxious form of lying is falsely attributing things to Allaah and His Messenger, because this involves fabrication about the religion and is an act of outrage against Allaah. Hence one of the characteristics of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) is that he truthfully conveyed that which Allaah commanded him to convey. So Allaah said (interpretation of the meanings):
“… who does more wrong than one who invents a lie against Allaah, to lead mankind astray without knowledge. Certainly Allaah guides not the people whi are zaalimoon (polytheists and wrong-doers, etc.)" [al-An’am 6:144]
“And who does more wrong than he who invents a lie against Allaah? Such will be brought before their Lord, and the witnesses will say, ‘These are the ones who lied against their Lord!’ No doubt! The curse of Allaah is on the zaalimoon (polytheists, wrong-doers, oppressors, etc.)." [Hood 11:18]
Equally bad is lying about the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), as he is reported to have said in the mutawaatir hadeeth: “Whoever lies about me deliberately, let him take his place in Hell." (Agreed upon).
The basic rule with regard to lying is that it is not permitted, but there are certain circumstances in which Islam permits lying to serve a greater purpose or to prevent harm.
One of these situations is when a person mediates between two disputing parties in order to reconcile between them, if reconciliation cannot be achieved in any other way. Um Kalthoom (may Allaah be pleased with her) reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “He is not a liar who reconciles between people and conveys something good or says something good." (Reported by al-Bukhaari, 2495).
Another example is a man’s speaking to his wife, or a woman speaking to her husband, with regard to matters that will strengthen the ties of love between them, even if that is accompanied by exaggeration. Asma’ bint Yazeed said: “The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: ‘Lying is not permitted except in three cases: a man’s speaking to his wife to make her happy; lying at times of war; and lying in order to reconcile between people.’" (Reported by al-Tirmidhi, 1862; he said: it is a hasan hadeeth. See also Saheeh Muslim, 4717).
One of the most important forms of both being truthful and lying is in the area of promises and covenants. Being truthful in promises and covenants is one of the characteristics by which the believers are known. Both promises and covenants involve saying something about an issue to confirm that you will do it, especially with regard to one's duties towards Allaah. Allaah says, praising some of His slaves (interpretation of the meanings):
“Those who are faithfully true to their amaanaat (all the duties which Allaah has ordained, honesty, moral responsibility and trusts, etc.) and to their covenants." [al-Mu’minoon 23:8]
“… and who fulfil their covenant when they make it…" [al-Baqarah 2:177]
“Among the believers are men who have been true to their covenant with Allaah [i.e., they have gone out for jihad (holy fighting), and showed not their backs to the disbelievers], of them some have fulfilled their obligations (i.e., have been martyred), and some of them are still waiting, but they have never changed [i.e., they never proved treacherous to their covenant which they concluded with Allaah] in the least." [al-Ahzaab 33:23]
We ask Allaah to make us sincere and truthful in word and deed. And Allaah knows best.
هو : قول الحق الذي يواطئ فيه اللسان القلب ، وهو أيضاً : القول المطابق للواقع والحقيقة من حيث اللغة .
ولما كان الصدق ضرورة من ضرورات المجتمع الإنساني ، وفضيلة من فضائل السلوك البشري ذات النفع العظيم ، وكان الكذب عنصر إفساد كبير للمجتمعات الإنسانية ، وسبب لهدم أبنيتها ، وتقطيع روابطها وصلاتها ، ورذيلة من رذائل السلوك ذات الضرر البالغ ؛ أمر الإسلام بالصدق ونهى عن الكذب .
قال تعالى : ( يا أيها الذين آمنوا اتقوا الله وكونوا مع الصادقين ) ، قال ابن كثير رحمه الله 2/414 : أي : اصدقوا والزموا الصدق تكونوا من أهله ، وتنجوا من المهالك ، ويجعل لكم فرجاً من أموركم ومخرجاً أ.هـ .
وقال سبحانه : ( فلو صدقوا الله لكان خيراً لهم ) .
وعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بن مسعود رضي الله عنه قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : "عَلَيْكُمْ بِالصِّدْقِ فَإِنَّ الصِّدْقَ يَهْدِي إِلَى الْبِرِّ وَإِنَّ الْبِرَّ يَهْدِي إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَمَا يَزَالُ الرَّجُلُ يَصْدُقُ وَيَتَحَرَّى الصِّدْقَ ( أي يبالغ فيه ويجتهد ) حَتَّى يُكْتَبَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ صِدِّيقًا وَإِيَّاكُمْ وَالْكَذِبَ فَإِنَّ الْكَذِبَ يَهْدِي إِلَى الْفُجُورِ وَإِنَّ الْفُجُورَ يَهْدِي إِلَى النَّارِ وَمَا يَزَالُ الرَّجُلُ يَكْذِبُ وَيَتَحَرَّى الْكَذِبَ حَتَّى يُكْتَبَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ كَذَّابًا . " رواه مسلم 4721 .
فدل هذا الحديث على أن الصدق يهدي إلى البر ، والبر كلمة جامعة تدل على كل وجوه الخير ، ومختلف الأعمال الصالحات ، والفجور في أصله الميل والانحراف عن الحق ، والفاجر هو المائل عن طريق الهداية ، فالفجور والبر ضدان متقابلان .
وعن الحسن بن علي بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنهما قال : حفظت من رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : " دع ما يريبك إلى مالا يريبك ، فإن الصدق طمأنينة ، والكذب ريبة " رواه الترمذي 2520 والنسائي 8/327 وأحمد 1/200 .
وجاء من حديث أبي سفيان رضي الله عنه في حديثه الطويل في قصة هرقل حين قال : فماذا يأمركم ، يعني النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ، قال أبو سفيان ، قلت : يقول : " اعبدوا الله وحده لا تشركوا بالله شيئاً ، واتركوا ما يقول آباؤكم ، ويأمرنا بالصلاة ، والصدق والعفاف والصلة " رواه البخاري 1/30 ومسلم 1773 .
وعن حكيم بن حزام رضي الله عنه أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " البيعان بالخيار ما لم يتفرقا ، فإن صدقا وبيّنا بورك لهما في بيعهما ، وإن كتما وكذبا محقت بركة بيعهما " رواه البخاري 4/275 ومسلم 1532 .
والصدق يشمل الصدق مع الله بإخلاص العبادة لله والصّدق مع النّفس بإقامتها على شرع الله والصّدق مع النّاس في الكلام والوعود والمعاملات من البيع والشراء والنكاح فلا تدليس ولا غش ولا تزوير ولا إخفاء للمعلومات وهكذا حتى يكون ظاهر الإنسان كباطنه وسره كعلانيته .
أما بالنسبة للكذب فإنه محرم عظيم ويتفاوت في القبح والإثم وأشنع صوره الكذب على الله والرسول لأنه افتراء في الدين ، وتجرؤ عظيم على الله ، ولذلك كان من صفات النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم صفة الصدق في تبليغ ما أمره الله بتبليغه ، ولهذا قال تعالى : ( فمن أظلم ممن افترى على الله كذباً ليضل الناس بغير علم إن الله لا يهدي القوم الظالمين ) وقال تعالى : ( ومن أظلم ممن افترى على الله كذباً أولئك يعرضون على ربهم ويقول الأشهاد هؤلاء الذين كذبوا على ربهم ألا لعنة الله على الظالمين ) ، ونظير ذلك الكذب على النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم كما جاء في الحديث المتواتر عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال : " من كذب علي متعمداً فليتبوأ مقعده من النار " متفق عليه .
والأصل في الكذب عدم الجواز ، ولكن توجد حالات جاء الشرع بجواز الكذب فيها تحقيقاً للمصلحة العظيمة أو دفعاً للمضرة :
فمن تلك الحالات أن يتوسط إنسان للإصلاح بين فريقين متخاصمين إذا لم يمكنه أن يصلح إلا بشيء منه لحديث أم كلثوم رضي الله عنها أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " ليس الكذاب الذي يصلح بين الناس فيَنْمي ( أي يبلّغ ) خيراً أو يقول خيراً ". رواه البخاري 2495
ومن تلك الحالات حديث الرجل لامرأته ، وحديث المرأة لزوجها في الأمور التي تشدّ أواصر الوفاق والمودّة بينهما وما قد يصاحب ذلك الكلام من المبالغات كما جاء في حديث أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ يَزِيدَ قَالَتْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لا يَحِلُّ الْكَذِبُ إِلا فِي ثَلَاثٍ يُحَدِّثُ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ لِيُرْضِيَهَا وَالْكَذِبُ فِي الْحَرْبِ وَالْكَذِبُ لِيُصْلِحَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ . " رواه الترمذي 1862 وقال هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ وانظر صحيح مسلم 4717 .
وإن من أعظم صور الصدق والكذب الصدق في العهد والوعد والكذب فيهما ، فالصدق في الوعد وفي العهد من فضائل الأخلاق التي يتحلى بها المؤمنون ، ويشترك الوعد والعهد بأن كلاً منهما إخبار بأمر جزم المخبر بأن يفعله لا سيما إن كان الوعد والعهد في حقوق الله تعالى كما قال تعالى مثنياً على بعض عباده : ( والذين هم لأماناتهم وعهدهم راعون ) وقال تعالى : ( والموفون بعهدهم إذا عاهدوا ) وقال تعالى : ( من المؤمنين رجال صدقوا ما عاهدوا الله عليه فمنهم من قضى نحبه ومنهم من ينتظر وما بدلوا تبديلا )
نسأل الله تعالى أن يرزقنا الإخلاص والصدق في الأقوال والأعمال .
Being truthful means speaking the truth and also saying things that reflect reality.
Being truthful is one of the necessities of a human society, one of the virtues of human behaviour, and brings great benefits, whilst lying is one of the major elements of corruption in human society, and the cause of the destruction of social structure and ties, one of the most evil features of bad conduct, and causes widespread harm. Hence Islam commanded truthfulness and forbade lying.
Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“O you who believe! Be afraid of Allaah, and be with those who are true (in word and deeds)." [al-Tawbah 9:119]
Ibn Katheer (may Allaah have mercy on him) said (2/414): “It means: be truthful and adhere to truthfulness, and you will be among its people and will be saved from calamity, and this will make a way out for you from your problems."
Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“… if they had been true to Allaah, it would have been better for them." [Muhammad 47:21]
‘Abd-Allaah ibn Mas’ood (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: “The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: ‘You must be truthful, for truthfulness leads to righteousness and righteousness leads to Paradise. A man will keep speaking the truth and striving to speak the truth until he will be recorded with Allaah as a siddeeq (speaker of the truth). Beware of telling lies, for lying leads to immorality and immorality leads to Hellfire. A man will keep telling lies and striving to tell lies until he is recorded with Allaah as a liar." (Reported by Muslim, 4721)
This hadeeth indicates that truthfulness leads to righteousness (al-birr), an all-embracing concept that includes all kinds of goodness and different kinds of righteous deeds. Immorality is basically an inclination towards deviation from the truth, and the immoral person (faajir) is one who is inclined to turn away from the path of guidance. Hence immorality and righteousness are diametrically opposed.
Al-Hasan ibn ‘Ali ibn Abi Taalib (may Allaah be pleased with them both) said: “I memorized from the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): ‘Leave that which makes you doubt for that which does not make you doubt, for truthfulness is certainty and tranquillity, whilst lying is doubt and confusion." (Reported by al-Tirmidhi, 2520; al-Nisaa'i, 8/327; and Ahmad, 1/200)
In the lengthy hadeeth of Abu Sufyaan describing his meeting with Heraclius, Abu Sufyaan (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: “[Heraclius] said, ‘What does he [meaning the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him] command you to do?’ I said, ‘He says: worship Allaah alone and do not associate anything in worship with Him, and abandon that which your forefathers did. He commands us to pray, to be truthful, to be chaste and to uphold the ties of kinship.’" (Reported by al-Bukhaari, 1/30 and Muslim, 1773).
Hakeem ibn Hizaam (may Allaah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Two parties to a deal have the option of changing their minds until they part; if they are open and honest, their deal will be blessed, and if they conceal and tell lies, the blessing of their deal will be diminished." (Reported by al-Bukhaari, 4/275 and Muslim, 1532.)
Truthfulness includes being truthful towards Allaah by worshipping Him sincerely; being truthful towards one’s own soul by making it adhere to the laws of Allaah; and being truthful with people in one's words and by keeping one's promises, and in dealings such as buying, selling and marriage, so there should be no deceiving, cheating, falsifying or withholding of information. Thus a person should be the same on the inside and the outside.
As regards lying, it is highly forbidden, and is of varying degrees of abhorrence and sin. The most obnoxious form of lying is falsely attributing things to Allaah and His Messenger, because this involves fabrication about the religion and is an act of outrage against Allaah. Hence one of the characteristics of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) is that he truthfully conveyed that which Allaah commanded him to convey. So Allaah said (interpretation of the meanings):
“… who does more wrong than one who invents a lie against Allaah, to lead mankind astray without knowledge. Certainly Allaah guides not the people whi are zaalimoon (polytheists and wrong-doers, etc.)" [al-An’am 6:144]
“And who does more wrong than he who invents a lie against Allaah? Such will be brought before their Lord, and the witnesses will say, ‘These are the ones who lied against their Lord!’ No doubt! The curse of Allaah is on the zaalimoon (polytheists, wrong-doers, oppressors, etc.)." [Hood 11:18]
Equally bad is lying about the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), as he is reported to have said in the mutawaatir hadeeth: “Whoever lies about me deliberately, let him take his place in Hell." (Agreed upon).
The basic rule with regard to lying is that it is not permitted, but there are certain circumstances in which Islam permits lying to serve a greater purpose or to prevent harm.
One of these situations is when a person mediates between two disputing parties in order to reconcile between them, if reconciliation cannot be achieved in any other way. Um Kalthoom (may Allaah be pleased with her) reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “He is not a liar who reconciles between people and conveys something good or says something good." (Reported by al-Bukhaari, 2495).
Another example is a man’s speaking to his wife, or a woman speaking to her husband, with regard to matters that will strengthen the ties of love between them, even if that is accompanied by exaggeration. Asma’ bint Yazeed said: “The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: ‘Lying is not permitted except in three cases: a man’s speaking to his wife to make her happy; lying at times of war; and lying in order to reconcile between people.’" (Reported by al-Tirmidhi, 1862; he said: it is a hasan hadeeth. See also Saheeh Muslim, 4717).
One of the most important forms of both being truthful and lying is in the area of promises and covenants. Being truthful in promises and covenants is one of the characteristics by which the believers are known. Both promises and covenants involve saying something about an issue to confirm that you will do it, especially with regard to one's duties towards Allaah. Allaah says, praising some of His slaves (interpretation of the meanings):
“Those who are faithfully true to their amaanaat (all the duties which Allaah has ordained, honesty, moral responsibility and trusts, etc.) and to their covenants." [al-Mu’minoon 23:8]
“… and who fulfil their covenant when they make it…" [al-Baqarah 2:177]
“Among the believers are men who have been true to their covenant with Allaah [i.e., they have gone out for jihad (holy fighting), and showed not their backs to the disbelievers], of them some have fulfilled their obligations (i.e., have been martyred), and some of them are still waiting, but they have never changed [i.e., they never proved treacherous to their covenant which they concluded with Allaah] in the least." [al-Ahzaab 33:23]
We ask Allaah to make us sincere and truthful in word and deed. And Allaah knows best.