🌟حقوق الورثة🌟 إنجليزي🔠

قناة الخُطَب الوَجِيْزَة

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الخُطْبَةُ الأُوْلَى

إِنَّ الحَمْدَ لِلهِ نَحْمَدُهُ ونَسْتَعِينُهُ، ونَستَغفِرُهُ ونَتُوبُ إِلَيه، ونَعَوذُ باللهِ مِن شُرُورِ أَنفُسِنَا، وسَيّئَاتِ أعمالِنَا؛ مَنْ يَهْدِ اللهُ فلا مُضِلَّ لَه، ومَنْ يُضْلِلْ فلا هَادِيَ لَه، وأَشهَدُ أَن لا إله إلَّا اللهُ وَحدَهُ لا شَرِيكَ لَه؛ وأَشهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبدُهُ ورَسُولُهُ، صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيهِ وعلى آلِهِ وصَحبِهِ، وسَلَّمَ تَسلِيمًا كَثِيرًا.

أَمَّا بَعْدُ: فأُوْصِيكُم ونَفسِي بِتَقوَى اللهِ ﷻ؛ فَهِيَ خَيرٌ مِنَ الدُّنيا وما فِيهَا! ﴿ومَا الحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا إِلَّا لَعِبٌ وَلهْوٌ ولَلدَّارُ الآخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لِلَّذِينَ يَتَّقُونَ﴾.

To proceed: I advise myself and you to fear Allah, for it is better than this world and all it contains! Allah says: “And the life of this world is nothing but play and amusement. But far better is the home of the Hereafter for those who are Al-Muttaqoon (the pious)”

عِبَادَ الله: جُبِلَتِ النُّفُوسُ على حُبِّ المَالِ؛ ولِهَذَا كانَ مِنْ أَكْبَرِأَسبَابِ النِّزَاعِ والوَبَالِ؛ خَاصَّةً بَيْنَ مَنْ يَشْتَرِكُوْنَ فِيْه! قال U: ﴿وَإِنَّ كَثِيرًا مِنَ الخُلَطَاءِ لَيَبْغِي بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ إِلَّا الَّذِينَآمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ وَقَلِيلٌ مَا هُمْ﴾.

Servants of Allah, human nature is inclined to love wealth, which is one of the greatest causes of disputes and tribulations, especially among those who share it. Allah says: “And verily, many partners oppress one another, except those who believe and do righteous good deeds, and they are few.”

والاِشتِرَاكُ في المِيرَاث: سَبَبٌ مُحتَمَلٌ لِلخِلَافِ، وعَدَمِ العَدلِ والإِنصَاف؛ ولهذا تَوَلَّى اللهُ بِذَاتِهِ العَلِيَّه؛ تَوزِيعَ التَّرِكَةِ بَينَ الوَرَثَة، وفَصَّلَ فِيهَاتَفصِيلًا دَقِيقًا؛ دَفعًا لِأَسبَابِ النِّزَاعِ، وحِفْظًا لِلمَالِ مِنَ الضَّيَاع؛قال ﷺ: (إِنَّ اللهَ قَدْ أَعطَى كُلَّ ذِي حَقٍّ حَقَّهُ).  

Sharing inheritance is a potential source of conflict and lack of justice. That is why Allah Himself has undertaken the distribution of inheritance among the heirs and detailed it meticulously, to prevent disputes and preserve wealth from loss. The Prophet ﷺ said: “Indeed, Allah has given every rightful person their due.”

والتَّوزِيعُ الإِلَهِيُّ لِلمِيرَاثِ: يَضَعُ حَدًّا فَاصِلًا لِنِزَاعِ الوَرَثَة: فَمَنْ تَجَاوَزَهُ أو تَحَايَلَ عَلَيهِ؛ فَإِنَّ اللهَ لَهُ بِالمِرْصَادِ! قال تعالى -بَعْدَ آيَاتِ المَوَارِيثِ-: ﴿ومَنْ يَعصِ اللهَ ورَسُولَهُ ويَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَهُ يُدخِلْهُ نَارًا خَالِدًا فِيهَا﴾.

The divine distribution of inheritance sets a clear boundary for the heirs' disputes. Whoever oversteps it or manipulates it, Allah will be watching! Allah says after the verses of inheritance: “And whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger and transgresses His limits, He will admit him to the Fire to abide eternally therein.”

والمِيرَاثُ هُوَ وَصِيَّةُ اللهِ لِعِبَادِهِ؛ فَمَنْ مَنَعَ الوَارِثَ مِنْ حَقَّهِ؛ فَقَدْ خَالَفَ وَصِيَّةَ اللهَ في خَلْقِهِ! ﴿وَصِيَّةً مِنَ اللهِ واللهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيْمٌ﴾.

Inheritance is Allah’s command to His servants. Whoever deprives an heir of their rightful share has contradicted Allah’s command concerning His creation! Allah says: “A commandment from Allah. And Allah is All-Knowing, Most Forbearing.”

وبَعضُ الوَرَثَةِ لا يَكْتَفِي بِحَقِّهِ المُقَدَّرِ شَرْعًا، بَلْ يَتَسَلَّطُعلى حَقِّ غَيرِهِ مِنَ الوَرَثَة!

Some heirs are not content with their share ordained by Shariah and even encroach upon the rights of other heirs.

قال I: ﴿وتَأْكُلُونَ التُّرَاثَ أَكْلًا لمًّا* وتُحِبُّونَ المَالَ حُبًّا جَمًّا﴾. قال عِكْرِمَة: (اللَّمُّ: هُوَ الاِعتِدَاءُ في المِيرَاثِ: يَأْكُلُ مِيرَاثَهُ،ومِيرَاثَ غَيرِه!).

Allah says: “And you consume the inheritance—all with greed—and you love wealth with immense love.” Ikrimah explained: “Consuming refers to transgression in inheritance: taking one's own share and the share of others.”

وتَخصِيصُ بعضِ الوَرَثَةِ: سَبَبٌ لِإِثَارَةِ الحَسَدِ والنِّزَاعِ بَيْنَهُمْ؛ فَمَنْ أَوْصَى لِبَعْضِ وَرَثَتِهِ؛ فَلَا تُنَفَّذُ وَصِيَّتُه، إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ بَاقِي الوَرَثَة؛ ولِهَذَا قال ﷺ: (لا وَصِيَّةَ لِوَارِثٍ).

Preferring certain heirs over others stirs jealousy and disputes among them. If someone left in his will a portion of their estate to an heir, their will is not valid unless approved by the other heirs. The Prophet ﷺ said: “There is no will for an heir.”

وتَعجِيلُ قِسْمَةِ التَّرِكَةِ (بَعدَ وَفَاءِ الدِّيُونِ، وإِخرَاجِ الوَصِيَّةِ)؛ يُجَنِّبُ الوَرَثَةَ النِّزَاعَ! قال العُلَمَاءُ: (لا يَنْبَغِي تَأْخِير قِسمَةِ التَّرِكَةِ؛ لِمَا يَتَرَتَّبُ على ذَلِكَ مِنْ تَأْخِيرِ دَفْعِالحُقُوقِ إلى أَصحَابِهَا).

Promptly dividing the inheritance (after settling debts and fulfilling the will) prevents disputes among heirs. Scholars have said: “The division of the estate should not be delayed, as delaying it postpones the rightful distribution of rights to their owners.”

وإِذَا تَعَذَّرَتْ قِسْمَةُ العَقَار؛ فَإِنَّهُ يُصَارُ إِلَى بَيْعِهِ، وتَسلِيمِ كُلِّ وَارِثٍ نَصِيبَهُ مِنْ ثَمَنِهِ، بَعْدَ أَدَاءِ (الدّيُوْن) و(الوَصَايَا). يقُولُ ابنُ عُثَيمِين: (بَعضُ الظَّلَمَةِ مِنَ الوَرَثَةِ: يُؤَخِّرُونَ وَفَاءَ الدَّينِ عنِالمَيِّتِ لِمَصَالِحِهِم الخَاصَّةِ! فَتَجِدُ المَيَّتَ عَلَيهِ ديون،ووَرَاءَهُ عَقَارَات، فَيَقُولُونَ: "لَا نَبِيعُهَا؛ بل نُوَفِّيهِ مِنَالأُجرَةِ ولو بَعدَ عَشْرِ سِنِين!"، أو يَقُولُونَ: "إِنَّ الأَرَاضِيَكَسَدَتْ؛ فَنَنْتَظِر حَتَّى تَرتَفِعَ قِيمَتُهَا!": وهذا ظُلم؛ لِأَنَّالمَيِّتَ يَتَأَثَّرُ بِالدَّينِ الَّذِي عَلَيه)؛ قال ﷺ: (نَفْسُ المُؤْمِنِ مُعَلَّقَةٌ بِدَيْنِهِ حَتَّى يُقْضَى عَنْهُ).

If dividing property is impractical, it should be sold, and each heir should receive their share of the proceeds after paying off debts and fulfilling any bequests. Ibn Uthaymeen said: “Some unjust heirs delay settling the deceased’s debts for their personal benefit! You may find a deceased person with debts and properties left behind, but the heirs say: ‘We won’t sell them. We’ll pay off the debts from the rental income, even if it takes ten years!’ Or they say: ‘The market for the land is stagnant; we’ll wait until its value rises!’ This is injustice because the deceased suffers due to unpaid debts.” The Prophet ﷺsaid: “A believer's soul is suspended by his debt until it is repaid on his behalf.”

ومِمَّا يَدفَعُ النِّزَاعَ بَينَ الوَرَثَة: الخَوفُ مِنَ العُقُوبَةِ والهَلَكَةِ، لِـمَنْ تَعَدَّى على التَّرِكَةِ!

And among what prevents disputes among heirs is the fear of punishment and destruction for those who transgress against the inheritance.

قال U: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ أَموَالَ اليَتَامَى ظُلْمًا إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُونَ في بُطُونِهِم نَارًا وسَيَصلَونَ سَعِيرًا﴾. قال ﷺ: (اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أُحَرِّجُ حَقَّ الضَّعِيفَيْنِ: اليَتِيمِ، والمَرأَة).

Allah, the Most High, said: “Indeed, those who consume the wealth of orphans unjustly are only consuming fire in their bellies, and they will be burned in a Blaze." The Prophet ﷺ said:"O Allah, I warn against the violation of the rights of the two weak ones: the orphan and the woman."

ومَعنَى(أُحَرِّجُ): أَيْ أُحَذِّرُهُ تَحذِيرًا بَلِيغًا، وأَزْجُرُهُ زَجرًا أَكِيدًا.

ومِمَّا يَقْطَعُ النِّزَاعَ بَينَ الوَرَثَة: 1- أَنْ يُوَثِّقَ المُوَرِّثُ (في أَثنَاءِحَيَاتِهِ): الحُقُوقَ الَّتي لَهُ وعليه، 2- وأَلَّا يُوصِيَ في مَالِهِ بِمَا يُجحِفُ الوَرَثَةَ، 3- وأَلَّا يَزِيدَ في الوَصِيَّةِ عَنِ الثُّلُثِ. قال ﷺ: (إنَّك أَنْ تَذَرَ وَرَثَتَكَ أَغنِيَاءَ؛ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ تَذَرَهُمْ عَالَةً يَتَكَفَّفُونَ النَّاسَ).

The meaning of "I warn against (أُحَرِّجُ)" is: I strongly warn and caution with severe admonishment and forbid with an emphatic prohibition. And among what ends disputes among heirs:

1. That the bequeather (during their lifetime) documents the rights and obligations that they owe and are owed to them.
2. That they do not make a will that unduly harms the heirs.
3. That they do not exceed one-third in their bequests.
The Prophet ﷺ said: "Indeed, for you to leave your heirs wealthy is better than for you to leave them poor, begging from others."

وَحُبُّ الثَّرَوَاتِ، لا يُقَدَّمُ على حُبِّ الإِخوَةِ والأَخَوَاتِ! والنِّزَاعُ على التَّرِكَةُ: سَبَبٌ لِزَوَالِ البَّرَكَة! قال ﷺ: (إِنَّ أَعجَلَ الطَّاعَةِ ثَوَابًا:صِلَةُ الرَّحِمِ، حَتَّى إِنَّ أَهلَ البَيْتِ لِيَكُونُوا فَجَرَةً: فَتَنْمُو أَمْوَالُهُمْ، وَيَكْثُرُ عَدَدُهُمْ إِذَا تَوَاصَلُوا!).

The love of wealth should not override the love of one’s siblings. Disputing over inheritance is a cause for the loss of blessings. The Prophet ﷺ said: “The quickest good deed to be rewarded is maintaining ties of kinship. A family may be sinful, yet their wealth increases and their numbers grow if they maintain kinship ties.”

ومِمَّا يُقَلِّلُ النِّزَاعَ بَيْنَ الوَرَثَة: الصِّدقُ والأَمَانَةُ، والحَذَرُ مِنَ الغِشِّ والخِيَانَةِ، وأَنْ يُفْصِحَ كُلٌّ مِنهُم عَمَّا في ذِمَّتِهِ مِنْ أَموَالِ المُوَرِّثِ، ولا يَبْخَسْ مِنْهُ شَيئًا! ﴿فَإِنْ أَمِنَ بَعضُكُمْ بَعضًا فَلْيُؤَدِّ الَّذِي اؤْتُمِنَ أَمَانَتَهُ وَلْيَتَّقِ اللهَ رَبَّهُ﴾.

Honesty and trustworthiness reduce disputes among heirs. Every heir must declare what they owe of the deceased’s wealth and should not withhold anything. Allah, the Most High, said: “Then, if one of you entrusts the other, let the one who is entrusted discharge his trust faithfully and let him fear Allah, his Lord.”

ومِمَّا يَدفَعُ النِّزَاعَ بَينَ الوَرَثَة: السَّمَاحَةُ في المُعَامَلَةِ، وتَرْكُ الطَّمَعِوالمُشَاحَنَةِ؛ فَإِنَّ السَّمَاحَةَ سَبَبٌ لِنُزُوْلِ الرَّحَمَاتِ، وحُصُولِ البَرَكَاتِ، والوَاقِعُ شَاهِدٌ بِذَلِكَ! قال ﷺ: (رَحِمَ اللهُ رَجُلًا سَمْحًا: إذا باعَ، وإذا اشْتَرَى، وإذا اقْتَضَى).

Mutual leniency in dealings and avoiding greed and malice bring about blessings and mercy. The Prophet ﷺsaid: “May Allah have mercy on a person who is easygoing in buying, selling, and demanding their rights.”

أَقُوْلُ قَوْلِي هذا، وأَسْتَغْفِرُ اللهَ لِيْ ولَكُمْ مِنْ كُلِّ ذَنْبٍ؛ فَاسْتَغْفِرُوْهُ إِنَّهُ هُوَ الغَفُورُ الرَّحِيم

الخُطْبَةُ الثَّانِيَةُ

الحَمْدُ للهِ على إِحسَانِه، والشُّكْرُ لَهُ على تَوْفِيْقِهِ وامْتِنَانِه، وأَشْهَدُ أَلَّا إِلَهَ إِلَّا الله، وأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبدُهُ وَرَسُولُه.

عِبَادَ الله: مِيرَاثُ الدُّنيَا بِأَجْمَعِهَا؛ لا يُسَاوِي لَحظَةً واحدةً في نَارِجَهَنَّم! فَأَدُّوا الحُقُوقَ لِلْوَرَثَةِ؛ قَبْلَ أَلَّا يَكُونَ دِينَارٌ ولَا دِرهَمٌ! قال ﷺ: (إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ عَمَلٌ صَالِحٌ: أُخِذَ مِنْهُ بِقَدْرِ مَظْلَمَتِهِ، وإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُ حَسَنَاتٌ: أُخِذَ مِنْ سَيِّئَاتِ صَاحِبِهِ؛ فَحُمِلَ عَلَيْهِ). وفي الحديثِ الآخَر: (فَإِنْ فَنِيَتْ حَسَنَاتُهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْضَى مَا عَلَيهِ: أُخِذَ مِنْ خَطَايَاهُم فَطُرِحَتْ عَلَيهِ، ثُمَّ طُرِحَ في النَّار!).

O servants of Allah, the inheritance of this world in its entirety does not equal even a moment in the fire of Hell! So give the rights to the heirs before there is no dinar or dirham left! The Prophet ﷺ said: "If he has good deeds, it will be taken from him according to the amount of his oppression, and if he has no good deeds, the bad deeds of his companion will be taken and placed upon him." In another hadith: "If his good deeds are exhausted before his debts are paid, the sins of others will be taken and placed upon him, and then he will be thrown into the fire!"

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* اللَّهُمَّ أَعِزَّ الإِسلامَ والمُسلِمِينَ، وأَذِلَّ الشِّركَ والمُشرِكِين، وارضَ اللَّهُمَّ عَنِ الخُلَفَاءِ الرَّاشِدِين: أَبِي بَكرٍ، وعُمَرَ، وعُثمانَ، وعَلِيّ؛ وعَن بَقِيَّةِ الصَّحَابَةِ والتابعِين، ومَن تَبِعَهُم بِإِحسَانٍ إلى يومِ الدِّين.

* اللَّهُمَّ فَرِّج هَمَّ المَهمُومِينَ، ونَفِّس كَربَ المَكرُوبِين، واقضِ الدَّينَ عَنِالمَدِينِين، واشفِ مَرضَى المسلمين.

* اللَّهُمَّ أَنتَ اللهُ لا إِلَهَ إلَّا أَنتَ، أَنتَ الغَنِيُّ ونَحنُ الفُقَراء؛ أَنزِل عَلَينَا الغَيثَ، ولا تَجعَلْنَا مِنَ القَانِطِينَ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّا نَستَغفِرُكَإِنَّكَ كُنْتَ غَفَّارًا؛ فَأَرسِلِ السَّمَاءَ عَلَينَا مِدرَارًا.

* عِبَادَ الله: ﴿إِنَّ اللهَ يَأْمُرُ بِالعَدْلِ وَالإحْسَانِ وَإِيتَآءِ ذِي القُرْبَى وَيَنْهَى عَنِ الفَحْشَاءِ وَالمُنْكَرِ وَالبَغْيِ يَعِظُكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذَكَّرُونَ﴾.

* فَاذكُرُوا اللهَ يَذكُرْكُمْ، واشكُرُوهُ على نِعَمِهِ يَزِدْكُمْ، ﴿ولَذِكْرُ اللهِ أَكْبَرُ وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ مَا تَصْنَعُونَ﴾.

قناة الخُطَب الوَجِيْزَة

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